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Evokation
  
 
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A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTER AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

 

 

WORK DAYS OF GOD

Herbert W Morris D.D.circa 1883

Page 22

"As all the words in the English language are composed out of the twenty-six letters of the alphabet,.."

 

 

LIGHT AND LIFE

Lars Olof Bjorn 1976

Page 197

"By writing the 26 letters of the alphabet in a certain order one may put down almost any message (this book 'is written with the same letters' as the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Winnie the Pooh, only the order of the letters differs). In the same way Nature is able to convey with her language how a cell and a whole organism is to be constructed and how it is to function. Nature has succeeded better than we humans; for the genetic code there is only one universal language which is the same in a man, a bean plant and a bacterium."

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
I
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
9
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
ME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1

 

 

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

A

HISTORY OF GOD

Karen Armstrong 1993

The God of the Mystics

Page 250

"Perhaps the most famous of the early Jewish mystical texts is the fifth century Sefer Yezirah (The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN FINE AMAZE

THE

ZED ALIZ ZED

IN

SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Cycles and Patterns

Page 165

Patterns

"The essence of mathematics is to look for patterns.

Our minds seem to be organised to search for relationships and sequences. We look for hidden orders.

These intuitions seem to be more important than the facts themselves, for there is always the thrill at finding something, a pattern, it is a discovery - what was unknown is now revealed. Imagine looking up at the stars and finding the zodiac!

Searching out patterns is a pure delight.

Suddenly the counters fall into place and a connection is found, not necessarily a geometric one, but a relationship between numbers, pictures of the mind, that were not obvious before. There is that excitement of finding order in something that was otherwise hidden.

And there is the knowledge that a huge unseen world lurks behind the facades we see of the numbers themselves."

 

 

FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS

A QUEST FOR THE BEGINNING AND THE END

Graham Hancock 1995

Chapter 32

Speaking to the Unborn

Page 285

"It is understandable that a huge range of myths from all over the ancient world should describe geological catastrophes in graphic detail. Mankind survived the horror of the last Ice Age, and the most plausible source for our enduring traditions of flooding and freezing, massive volcanism and devastating earthquakes is in the tumultuous upheavals unleashed during the great meltdown of 15,000 to 8000 BC. The final retreat of the ice sheets, and the consequent 300-400 foot rise in global sea levels, took place only a few thousand years before the beginning of the historical period. It is therefore not surprising that all our early civilizations should have retained vivid memories of the vast cataclysms that had terrified their forefathers.
Much harder to explain is the peculiar but distinctive way the myths of cataclysm seem to bear the intelligent imprint of a guiding hand.l Indeed the degree of convergence between such ancient stories is frequently remarkable enough to raise the suspicion that they must all have been 'written' by the same 'author'.
Could that author have had anything to do with the wondrous deity, or superhuman, spoken of in so many of the myths we have reviewed, who appears immediately after the world has been shattered by a horrifying geological catastrophe and brings comfort and the gifts of civilization to the shocked and demoralized survivors?
White and bearded, Osiris is the Egyptian manifestation of this / Page 286 / universal figure, and it may not be an accident that one of the first acts he is remembered for in myth is the abolition of cannibalism among the primitive inhabitants of the Nile Valley.2 Viracocha, in South America, was said to have begun his civilizing mission immediately after a great flood; Quetzalcoatl, the discoverer of maize, brought the benefits of crops, mathematics, astronomy and a refined culture to Mexico after the Fourth Sun had been overwhelmed by a destroying deluge.
Could these strange myths contain a record of encounters between scattered palaeolithic tribes which survived the last Ice Age and an as yet unidentified high civilization which passed through the same epoch?
And could the myths be attempts to communicate?

A message in the bottle of time"

'Of all the other stupendous inventions,' Galileo once remarked,

what sublimity of mind must have been his who conceived how to communicate his most secret thoughts to any other person, though very distant either in time or place, speaking with those who are in the Indies, speaking to those who are not yet born, nor shall be this thousand or ten thousand years? And with no greater difficulty than the various arrangements of two dozen little signs on paper? Let this be the seal of all the admirable inventions of men.3

If the 'precessional message' identified by scholars like Santillana, von Dechend and Jane Sellers is indeed a deliberate attempt at communication by some lost civilization of antiquity, how come it wasn't just written down and left for us to find? Wouldn't that have been easier than encoding it in myths? Perhaps.
Nevertheless, suppose that whatever the message was written on got destroyed or worn away after many thousands of years? Or suppose that the language in which it was inscribed was later forgotten utterly (like the enigmatic Indus Valley script, which has been studied closely for more than half a century but has so far resisted all attempts at decoding)? It must be obvious that in such circumstances a written / Page 287 / legacy to the future would be of no value at all, because nobody would be able to make sense of it.
What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them - and the city of Teotihuacan may be the calling-card of a lost civilization written in the eternal language of mathematics.
Geodetic data, related to the exact positioning of fixed geographical points and to the shape and size of the earth, would also remain valid and recognizable for tens of thousands of years, and might be most conveniently expressed by means of cartography (or in the construction of giant geodetic monuments like the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as we shall see).
Another 'constant' in our solar system is the language of time: the great but regular intervals of time calibrated by the inch-worm creep of precessional motion. Now, or ten thousand years in the future, a message that prints out numbers like 72 or 2160 or 4320 or 25,920 should be instantly intelligible to any civilization that has evolved a modest talent for mathematics and the ability to detect and measure the almost imperceptible reverse wobble that the sun appears to make along the ecliptic against the background of the fixed stars..."

"What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them"

"WRITTEN IN THE ETERNAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS"

 

....

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
10
MULTIPLIED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
58
First Total
995
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+8
Add to Reduce
9+9+5
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
13
Second Total
23
14
14
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
2+3
1+4
 1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
4
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
-
THE
33
15
6
-
R
18
9
9
-
A
1
1
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
N+B+O+W
54
18
9
-
L
12
3
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
G+H+T
35
17
8
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
54
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
5+4
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
-
7
-
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

 

 

alphabet, alphabetos, from alpha + beta, first two letters of the Greek alphabet. athlete, athletes "contestant in the games," from athlein "to contest for ... www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/february/greek.

 

The word "alphabet" came into Middle English from the Late Latin Alphabetum, which in turn originated in the Ancient Greek Alphabetos, from alpha and beta, ... in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index

 

 

-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
1
2
5
2
3
4
+
=
28
2+8
=
3
=
1
-
-
1
12
16
-
1
2
5
20
21
13
+
=
91
9+1
=
10
1+0
1
-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
12
16
8
1
2
5
20
21
13
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
3
4
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
=
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
=
9
NINE
6
-
-
-
15
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
30
-
-
10
-
36
1+5
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
1+0
-
3+6
6
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
9
-
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
9

 

 

10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
1
2
5
2
3
4
+
=
28
2+8
=
3
=
1
-
1
12
16
-
1
2
5
20
21
13
+
=
91
9+1
=
10
1+0
1
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
16
8
1
2
5
20
21
13
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
3
4
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
=
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
30
-
-
10
-
36
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
1+0
-
3+6
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
9
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
U
M
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
9

 

 

10
ALPHABETUM
99
36
9
10
ALPHABETOS
99
36
9

 

 

-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
6
1
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
15
19
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
1
2
5
2
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
-
1
12
16
-
1
2
5
20
-
-
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
16
8
1
2
5
20
15
19
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
6
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
=
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
13
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
32
-
-
10
-
36
1+3
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+0
-
3+6
4
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
5
-
-
1
-
9
-
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
6
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
5
-
-
1
-
9

 

 

10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
6
1
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
15
19
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
1
2
5
2
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
1
12
16
-
1
2
5
20
-
-
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
16
8
1
2
5
20
15
19
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
6
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
=
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
10
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
32
-
-
10
-
36
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+0
-
3+6
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
5
-
-
1
-
9
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
6
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
O
S
-
-
5
-
-
1
-
9

 

 

-
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
1
2
5
2
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
-
1
12
16
-
1
2
5
20
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
-
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
16
8
1
2
5
20
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
-
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
-
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
=
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
=
9
NINE
6
-
-
-
19
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
26
-
-
8
-
29
1+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
2+9
10
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
11
1+0
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
2

 

 

8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
1
2
5
2
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
1
12
16
-
1
2
5
20
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
16
8
1
2
5
20
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
=
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
26
-
-
8
-
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
2+9
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
11
-
1
3
7
8
1
2
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
8
A
L
P
H
A
B
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
2

 

 

I

THAT

AM ALWAYS AM

 

THE DEATH OF GODS IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Jane B. Sellars 1992

Page 204

"The overwhelming awe that accompanies the realization, of the measurable orderliness of the universe strikes modern man as well. Admiral Weiland E. Byrd, alone In the Antarctic for five months of polar darkness, wrote these phrases of intense feeling:

Here were the imponderable processes and forces of the cosmos, harmonious and soundless. Harmony, that was it! I could feel no doubt of oneness with the universe. The conviction came that the rhythm was too orderly. too harmonious, too perfect to be a product of blind chance - that, therefore there must be purpose in the whole and that man was part of that whole and not an accidental offshoot. It was a feeling that transcended reason; that went to the heart of man's despair and found it groundless. The universe was a cosmos, not a chaos; man was as rightfully a part of that cosmos as were the day and night.10

Returning to the account of the story of Osiris, son of Cronos god of' Measurable Time, Plutarch takes, pains to remind the reader of the original Egyptian year consisting of 360 days.

Phrases are used that prompt simple mental. calculations and an attention to numbers, for example, the 360-day year is described as being '12 months of 30 days each'. Then we are told that, Osiris leaves on a long journey, during which Seth, his evil brother, plots with 72 companions to slay Osiris: He also secretly obtained the measure of Osiris and made ready a chest in which to entrap him.

The, interesting thing about this part of the-account is that nowhere in the original texts of the Egyptians are we told that Seth, has 72 companions. We have already been encouraged to equate Osiris with the concept of measured time; his father being Cronos. It is also an observable fact that Cronos-Saturn has the longest sidereal period of the known planets at that time, an orbit. of 30 years. Saturn is absent from a specific constellation for that length of time.

A simple mathematical fact has been revealed to any that are even remotely sensitive to numbers: if you multiply 72 by 30, the years of Saturn's absence (and the mention of Osiris's absence prompts one to recall this other), the resulting product is 2,160: the number of years required, for one 30° shift, or a shift: through one complete sign of the zodiac. This number multplied by the /Page205 / 12 signs also gives 25,920. (And Plutarch has reminded us of 12)

If you multiply the unusual number 72 by 360, a number that Plutarch mentions several times, the product will be 25,920, again the number of years symbolizing the ultimate rebirth.

This 'Eternal Return' is the return of, say, Taurus to the position of marking the vernal equinox by 'riding in the solar bark with. Re' after having relinquished this honoured position to Aries, and subsequently to the to other zodiacal constellations.

Such a return after 25,920 years is indeed a revisit to a Golden Age, golden not only because of a remarkable symmetry In the heavens, but golden because it existed before the Egyptians experienced heaven's changeability.

But now to inform the reader of a fact he or she may already know. Hipparaus did: not really have the exact figures: he was a trifle off in his observations and calculations. In his published work, On the Displacement of the Solstitial and Equinoctial Signs, he gave figures of 45" to 46" a year, while the truer precessional lag along the ecliptic is about 50 seconds. The exact measurement for the lag, based on the correct annual lag of 50'274" is 1° in 71.6 years, or 360° in 25,776 years, only 144 years less than the figure of 25,920.

With Hipparchus's incorrect figures a 'Great Year' takes from 28,173.9 to 28,800 years, Incorrect by a difference of from 2,397.9 years to 3,024.

Since Nicholas Copernicus (AD 1473-1543) has always been credited with giving the correct numbers (although Arabic astronomer Nasir al-Din Tusi,11 born AD 1201, is known to have fixed the Precession at 50°), we may correctly ask, and with justifiable astonishment 'Just whose information was Plutarch transmitting'

AN IMPORTANT POSTSCRIPT

Of course, using our own notational system, all the important numbers have digits that reduce to that amazing number 9 a number that has always delighted budding mathematician.

Page 206

Somewhere along the way, according to Robert Graves, 9 became the number of lunar wisdom.12

This number is found often in the mythologies of the world. the Viking god Odin hung for nine days and nights on the World Tree in order to acquire the secret of the runes, those magic symbols out of which writing and numbers grew. Only a terrible sacrifice would give away this secret, which conveyed upon its owner power and dominion over all, so Odin hung from his neck those long 9 days and nights over the 'bottomless abyss'. In the tree were 9 worlds, and another god was said to have been born of 9 mothers.

Robert Graves, in his White Goddess, Is intrigued by the seemingly recurring quality of the number 72 in early myth and ritual. Graves tells his reader that 72 is always connected with the number 5, which reflects, among other things, the five Celtic dialects that he was investigating. Of course, 5 x 72= 360, 360 x 72= 25,920. Five is also the number of the planets known to the ancient world, that is, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus Mercury.

Graves suggests a religious mystery bound up with two ancient Celtic 'Tree Alphabets' or cipher alphabets, which as genuine articles of Druidism were orally preserved and transmitted for centuries. He argues convincingly that the ancient poetry of Europe was ultimately based on what its composers believed to be magical principles, the rudiments of which formed a close religious secret for centuries. In time these were-garbled, discredited and forgotten.

Among the many signs of the transmission of special numbers he points out that the aggregate number of letter strokes for the complete 22-letter Ogham alphabet that he is studying is 72 and that this number is the multiple of 9, 'the number of lunar wisdom'. . . . he then mentions something about 'the seventy day season during which Venus moves successively from. maximum eastern elongation 'to inferior conjunction and maximum western elongation'.13

Page 207

"...Feniusa Farsa, Graves equates this hero with Dionysus Farsa has 72 assistants who helped him master the 72 languages created at the confusion of Babel, the tower of which is said to be built of 9 different materials

We are also reminded of the miraculous translation into Greek of the Five Books of Moses that was done by 72 scholars working for 72 days, Although the symbol for the Septuagint is LXX, legend, according to the fictional letter of Aristeas, records 72. The translation was done for Ptolemy Philadelphus (c.250 BC), by Hellenistic Jews, possibly from Alexandra.14

Graves did not know why this number was necessary, but he points out that he understands Frazer's Golden Bough to be a a book hinting that 'the secret involves the truth that the Christian dogma, and rituals, are the refinement of a great body of primitive beliefs, and that the only original element in Christianity- is the personality of Christ.15

Frances A. Yates, historian of Renaissance hermetisma tells, us the cabala had 72 angels through which the sephiroth (the powers of God) are believed to be approached, and further, she supplies the information that although the Cabala supplied a set of 48 conclusions purporting to confirm the Christian religion from the foundation of ancient wisdom, Pico Della Mirandola, a Renaissance magus, introduced instead 72, which were his 'own opinion' of the correct number. Yates writes, 'It is no accident there are seventy-two of Pico's Cabalist conclusions, for the conclusion shows that he knew something of the mystery of the Name of God with seventy-two letters.'16

In Hamlet's Mill de Santillarta adds the facts that 432,000 is the number of syllables in the Rig-Veda, which when multiplied by the soss (60) gives 25,920" (The reader is forgiven for a bit of laughter at this point)

Thee Bible has not escaped his pursuit. A prominent Assyriologist of the last century insisted that the total of the years recounted
mounted in Genesis for the lifetimes of patriarchs from the Flood also contained the needed secret numbers. (He showed that in the 1,656.years recounted in the Bible there are 86,400 7 day weeks, and dividing this number yields / Page 208 / 43,200.) In Indian yogic schools it is held that all living beings exhale and inhale 21,600 times a day, .multiply this by 2 and again we have.the necessary 432 digits.

Joseph Campbell discerns the secret in the date set for the coming of Patrick to Ireland. Myth-gives this date-as.- the interest-
ing number of AD.432.18

Whatever one may think-of some of these number coincidences, it becomes. difficult to escape the suspicion that many signs (number and otherwise) -indicate that early man observed the results.. of the movement of Precession . and that the-.transmission of this information was .considered of prime importance.

'With the awareness of the phenomenon, observers would certainly have tried for its measure, and such an endeavour would
have constituted the construction-of a 'Unified Field Theory' for nothing .less than Creation itself. Once determined, it would have been information worthy of secrecy and worthy of the passing on to future adepts.

But one last word about mankind's romance with number coincidences.The antagonist in John Updike's novel, Roger's Version, is a computer hacker, who, convinced.,that scientific evidence of God's existence is accumulating, endeavours to prove it by feeding -all the available scientific information. into a comuter. In his search for God 'breaking, through', he has become fascinated by certain numbers that have continually been cropping up. He explains them excitedly as 'the terms of Creation':

"...after a while I noticed that all over the sheet there seemed to hit these twenty-fours Jumping out at me. Two four; two,four.Planck time, for instance, divided by the radiation constant yields a figure near eight times ten again to the negative twenty-fourth, and the permittivity of free space, or electric constant, into the Bohr radiusekla almost exactly six times ten to the negative twenty-fourth. On positive side, the electromagnetic line-structure constant times Hubble radius - that is, the size of the universe as we now perceive it gives us something quite close to ten to the twenty-fourth, and the strong-force constant times the charge on the proton produces two point four times ten to the negative eighteenth, for another I began to circle twenty-four wherever it appeared on the Printout here' - he held it up. his piece of striped and striped wallpaper, decorated / Page 209 / with a number of scarlet circles - 'you can see it's more than random.'19
This inhabitant of the twentieth century is convinced that the striking occurrences of 2 and 4 reveal the sacred numbers by which God is speaking to us.

So much for any scorn directed to ancient man's fascination with number coincidences. That fascination is alive and well, Just a bit more incomprehensible"

 

 

All about the planets in our Solar System. The nine planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury,Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, ... www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets

Our solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, comets, meteors, and others. The sun is the center of our solar system; the planets, their moons, the asteroids, comets, and other rocks and gas all orbit the sun.

The nine planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury,Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto (a dwarf planet). A belt of asteroids (minor planets made of rock and metal) lies between Mars and Jupiter. These objects all orbit the sun in roughly circular orbits that lie in the same plane, the ecliptic (Pluto is an exception; it has an elliptical orbit tilted over 17° from the ecliptic).

 

....

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
9
MULTIPLED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
57
First Total
995
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+7
Add to Reduce
9+9+5
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
12
Second Total
23
14
15
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
2+3
1+4
 1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ZERO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Z
=
8
-
1
Z
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
28
-
4
ZERO
64
28
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
3
ONE
34
16
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TWO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
3
TWO
58
13
13
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THREE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
-
5
THREE
56
29
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FOUR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
24
-
4
FOUR
60
24
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FIVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
4
FIVE
42
24
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
3
SIX
52
25
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SEVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
5
SEVEN
65
29
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
31
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NINE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
4
NINE
42
24
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
40
First Total
522
243
225
-
2
6
3
8
70
42
7
24
63
-
-
4+5
-
4+0
Add to Reduce
5+2+2
2+4+3
2+2+5
-
-
-
-
-
7+0
4+2
-
2+4
6+3
-
-
9
-
4
Second Total
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ZERO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Z
=
8
-
1
Z
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
28
-
4
ZERO
64
28
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
3
ONE
34
16
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TWO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
3
TWO
58
13
13
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THREE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
-
5
THREE
56
29
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FOUR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
24
-
4
FOUR
60
24
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FIVE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
4
FIVE
42
24
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
3
SIX
52
25
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SEVEN
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
5
SEVEN
65
29
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
31
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NINE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
4
NINE
42
24
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
40
First Total
522
243
225
-
2
6
3
8
70
42
7
24
63
-
-
4+5
-
4+0
Add to Reduce
5+2+2
2+4+3
2+2+5
-
-
-
-
-
7+0
4+2
-
2+4
6+3
-
-
9
-
4
Second Total
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Z
=
8
-
1
Z
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
40
First Total
522
243
225
-
2
6
3
8
70
42
7
24
63
-
-
4+5
-
4+0
Add to Reduce
5+2+2
2+4+3
2+2+5
-
-
-
-
-
7+0
4+2
-
2+4
6+3
-
-
9
-
4
Second Total
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
-
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
H
=
8
-
1
Z
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
40
First Total
522
243
225
-
2
6
3
8
70
42
7
24
63
-
-
4+5
-
4+0
Add to Reduce
5+2+2
2+4+3
2+2+5
-
-
-
-
-
7+0
4+2
-
2+4
6+3
-
-
9
-
4
Second Total
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
6
3
8
7
6
7
6
9

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

ZERO ONE TWO THREEFOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

 

THE

SUN RED SUN

 

 

-
RED
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
2
E+D
9
9
9
3
RED
27
18
18
-
-
2+7
1+8
1+8
3
RED
9
9
9

 

 

-
3
R
E
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
18
5
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
-
9
5
4
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
3
R
E
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
=
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
27
3
R
E
D
-
-
18
-
-
3
-
18
2+7
-
9
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
1+8
9
3
R
E
D
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9

 

 

3
R
E
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
18
5
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
9
5
4
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
3
R
E
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
3
R
E
D
-
-
18
-
-
3
-
18
-
9
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
1+8
3
R
E
D
-
-
9
-
-
3
-
9

 

 

THE

SUN GOD

RE

 

-
2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
18
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
-
9
5
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
31
2
R
E
-
-
14
-
-
2
-
14
3+1
-
9
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
1+4
4
2
R
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5

 

 

2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
18
5
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
9
5
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
2
R
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
2
R
E
-
-
14
-
-
2
-
14
-
9
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
1+4
2
R
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5

 

 

-
-
-
8
THE ENNEA
72
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
2
RA
19
10
1
A
=
1
4
ATUM
55
10
1
S
=
1
3
SHU
48
12
3
T
=
2
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
G
=
7
3
GEB
14
14
5
N
=
5
3
NUT
55
10
1
O
=
6
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
I
=
9
4
ISIS
56
20
2
S
=
1
3
SET
44
8
8
N
=
5
8
NEPHTHYS
115
43
7
46
-
-
42
-
581
221
41
4+6
-
-
4+2
-
5+8+1
2+2+1
-
10
-
-
6
-
14
5
5
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
1
-
-
6
TO
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
-
-
-
3
SHU
48
12
3
-
-
-
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
-
-
-
13
-
189
45
9
-
-
-
1+3
-
1+8+9
4+5
-
-
-
-
4
-
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

E
=
5
-
5
EARTH
52
25
7
F
=
6
-
4
FIRE
38
29
2
A
=
1
-
3
AIR
28
19
1
W
=
5
-
5
WATER
67
22
4
-
-
17
-
17
Add
185
95
14
-
-
1+7
-
1+7
Reduce
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
-
-
8
-
8
 Total
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
8
-
8
Essence
5
5
5

 

 

--
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
--
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
-
6
-
9
5
-
1
-
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
-
5
1
18
20
-
-
6
-
18
5
-
1
-
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
--
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
18
20
8
-
6
9
18
5
-
1
9
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
14
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
31
-
-
17
-
95
-
32
1+4
1+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+7
-
9+5
-
3+2
5
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
14
-
5
-
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
3+2
5
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
5
-
5

 

 

17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
-
6
-
9
5
-
1
-
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
5
1
18
20
-
-
6
-
18
5
-
1
-
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
18
20
8
-
6
9
18
5
-
1
9
18
-
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
17
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
31
-
-
17
-
95
-
32
1+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+7
-
9+5
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
14
-
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
6
9
9
5
-
1
9
9
-
5
1
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
-
F
I
R
E
-
A
I
R
-
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
5
-
5

 

 

17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
--
8
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
6
-
9
5
1
-
9
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
5
1
18
20
-
6
-
18
5
1
-
18
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
18
20
8
6
9
18
5
1
9
18
23
1
20
5
18
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
6
9
9
5
1
9
9
5
1
2
5
9
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
17
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
31
-
-
17
-
95
-
32
1+7
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+7
-
9+5
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
14
-
5
-
5
1
9
2
8
6
9
9
5
1
9
9
5
1
2
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
3+2
8
E
A
R
T
H
F
I
R
E
A
I
R
W
A
T
E
R
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
5
-
5

 

 

Daily Mail, Tuesday,May 19, 2015

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Compiled by Charles Legge

Page 62

QUESTION Who Invented the compass?

THE compass appeared in China during the Han dynasty in the second to first century BC, but its purpose was not navigational: it was used in a particular type of fortune-telling called geomancy.
This is the art of throwing handfuls o small rocks, gravel and sand to see what sort of pattern they form when they land and then interpreting that pattern to foretell the future.

It was discovered that a form of magnetised rock called a lodestone, which is a form of the mineral magnetite, tended to align itself on a north-south axis.

This magnetic property was later incorporated into other fortune telling devices similar to Ouija boards. From this developed the idea of aligning your house in certain directions, the art we know as feng-shui.

It was later discovered that by stroking a piece of metal, perhaps a needle-like sliver, with a lodestone the magnetic properties would be transferred to the needle. When the needle is floated on the meniscus (concave curve on top of a liquid) in a bowl of water it will point north-south.

This is an experiment children still conduct in science classes and is the origin of the navigational compass.

There is a theory that in Mesoamerica, now Central America, the tribes used similar techniques as far back as 1000 BC, but this has not been verified.

The Chinese appear to have started to use a compass for navigation in the 9th or 10th centuries AD.

The skill of making magnetic compasses was transferred to Europe, probably by Arab traders, and starts to appear in the late 12th century, where they are recorded for the first time in the texts De utensilibus and De naturis rerum, written between 1187 and 1202.

It may have been about this time that the Norse were given credit for the use of compasses as an explanation for their apparent seafaring skills.

However, there is no proof they discovered _ the compass and their navigational prowess may have had more to do with their knowledge of the cosmos and the prevailing winds.

Bob Cubitt, Northampton.

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
20
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
9
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
13
4
-
-
16
-
18
Add
270
72
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Reduce
2+7+0
7+2
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
8
-
1
6
-
-
8
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
14
15
-
-
8
-
19
15
-
-
8
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
4
=
9
=
9
-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
3
2
-
-
5
1
-
2
-
5
5
-
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
18
20
-
-
-
-
21
20
-
-
5
1
-
20
-
23
5
-
20
+
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
18
20
8
-
19
15
21
20
8
-
5
1
19
20
-
23
5
19
20
+
=
270
2+7+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
--
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
3
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
11
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
34
-
-
18
-
72
-
36
1+1
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+8
-
7+2
-
3+6
2
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
8
-
1
6
-
-
8
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
15
-
-
8
-
19
15
-
-
8
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
4
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
3
2
-
-
5
1
-
2
-
5
5
-
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
18
20
-
-
-
-
21
20
-
-
5
1
-
20
-
23
5
-
20
+
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
18
20
8
-
19
15
21
20
8
-
5
1
19
20
-
23
5
19
20
+
=
270
2+7+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
--
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
3
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
34
-
-
18
-
72
-
36
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+8
-
7+2
-
3+6
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
-
1
6
3
2
8
-
5
1
1
2
-
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
O
R
T
H
-
S
O
U
T
H
-
E
A
S
T
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
8
1
6
-
-
8
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
15
-
-
8
19
15
-
-
8
-
-
19
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
4
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
-
-
3
2
-
5
1
-
2
5
5
-
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
18
20
-
-
-
21
20
-
5
1
-
20
23
5
-
20
+
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
18
20
8
19
15
21
20
8
5
1
19
20
23
5
19
20
+
=
270
2+7+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
1
6
3
2
8
5
1
1
2
5
5
1
2
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
--
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
3
--
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
--
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
18
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
34
-
-
18
-
72
-
36
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+8
-
7+2
-
3+6
9
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
5
6
9
2
8
1
6
3
2
8
5
1
1
2
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
O
R
T
H
S
O
U
T
H
E
A
S
T
W
E
S
T
-
-
7
-
-
9
-
9
-
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
20
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
9
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
13
4
-
-
16
-
18
Add
270
72
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Reduce
2+7+0
7+2
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

THE 360 DEGREE CIRCLE.

 

 

Box the Compass | SeaTalk

seatalk.blogspot.com/2005/11/box-compass.html

16 Nov 2005 - These days, boxing the compass is employed only as an exercise in discipline at military and merchant marine academies, but it does sound ...

Box the Compass

Back in the old days of sailing, when a new crewman was brought on board he had to begin learning the hundreds of ropes and sails and tools he

would be using every day. Eventually he would stand watch at the helm, where he had to learn the 32 points of sailing from the compass card.

 

From time to time the bosun would test the new seaman by asking him to "box the compass", which means to quickly name all the points of the

compass card in order.

These days, boxing the compass is employed only as an exercise in discipline at military and merchant marine academies, but it does sound very

impressive, and the effort required to keep it all straight is a good mental workout. These 32 points were used regularly by helmsmen on early

ships. Only on more recent compasses do we find the 360 degrees of the circle printed on the compass card.

 

In actual practice, the words which were used to describe the points of sailing were run together, so that the term South-West was spoken

"Sou-west", and so on. Here they are. Read them aloud, and very fast.

North, North by East, North-North East, North East by North,
North East, North East by East, East North East, East by North,

East, East by South, East South East, South East by East,
South East, South East by South, South South East, South by East,

South, South by West, South South West, South West by South
South West, South West by West, West South West, West by South,

West, West by North, West North West, North West by West,
North West, North West by North, North North West, North by West.

 

LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

NORTH EAST SOUTH WEST

North, North by East, North-North East, North East by North,
North East, North East by East, East North East, East by North,

East, East by South, East South East, South East by East,
South East, South East by South, South South East, South by East,

South, South by West, South SouthWest, South West by South
South West, South West by West, West South West, West by South,

West, West by North, West North West, North West by West,
North West, North West by North, North North West, North by West.

NORTH EAST SOUTH WEST

LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES LOOK AT THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES THE 5FIVES

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
NORTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
30
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOUTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
29
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EAST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WEST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
22
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
72
-
4
8
3
4
20
12
7
16
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+2
-
1+6
-
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
4
8
3
4
2
3
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
8
3
4
1
3
7
7
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
29
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
18
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
22
4
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
NORTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOUTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EAST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WEST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
72
-
4
8
3
4
20
12
7
16
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+2
-
1+6
-
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
4
8
3
4
2
3
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
8
3
4
1
3
7
7
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
29
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
18
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
22
4
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
NORTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOUTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EAST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WEST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
72
-
4
8
3
4
20
12
7
16
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+2
-
1+6
-
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
4
8
3
4
2
3
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
8
3
4
1
3
7
7
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
29
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
18
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
22
4
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
NORTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOUTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EAST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WEST
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
72
-
4
8
3
20
12
16
9
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
7+2
-
-
-
-
2+0
1+2
1+6
-
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
4
8
3
2
3
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
4
8
3
1
3
7
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
29
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
18
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
22
4
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

Daily Mail, Wednesday, April 22, 2015

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS
Compiled by Charles Legge

QUESTION

Does anyone in Britain have North, East, South and West in their address?

YES, we do.

Bill Toon,
Northfield Close, West End, South Cave, Brough, East Yorks.

 

 

N
=
5
-
5
NORTH
75
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
SOUTH
83
29
2
E
=
5
-
4
EAST
45
18
9
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
22
4
-
-
16
-
18
First Total
270
99
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+7+0
9+9
1+8
-
-
7
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
-
-
7
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

Daily Mail, Tuesday, May 19, 2015

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Compiled by Charles Legge

Page 62

QUESTION

Who Invented the compass?

THE compass appeared in China during, the Han dynasty in the second to first century BC, but its purpose was not navigational: it was used in a particular type of fortune-telling called geomancy

This is the art of throwing handfuls of small rocks, gravel and sand to see what sort of pattern they form when they land and then interpreting that pattern to foretell the future.

It was discovered that a form of magnetised rock called a lodestone, which is a form of the mineral magnetite, tended to align itself on a north-south axis.

This magnetic property was later incorporated into other fortune telling devices similar to Ouija boards. From this developed the idea of aligning your house in certain directions, the art we know as feng-shui.

It was later discovered that by stroking a piece of metal, perhaps a needle-like sliver, with a lodestone the magnetic properties would be transferred to the needle. When the needle is floated on the meniscus (concave curve on top of a liquid) in a bowl of water it will point north-south.

This is an experiment children still conduct in science classes and is the origin of the navigational compass.

There is a theory that in Mesoamerica, now Central America, the tribes used similar techniques as far back as 1000 BC, but this has not been verified.

The Chinese appear to have started to use a compass for navigation in the 9th or 10th centuries AD.

The skill of making magnetic compasses was transferred to Europe, probably by Arab traders, and starts to appear in the late 12th century, where they are recorded for the first time in the texts De utensilibus and De naturis rerum, written between 1187 and 1202.

It may have been about this time that the Norse were given credit for the use of compasses as an explanation for their apparent seafaring skills.
However, there is no proof they discovered the and their navigational -prowess may have had more to do with their knowledge of the cosmos and the prevailing winds.

Bob Cubitt, Northampton.

 

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_the_compass

The mariner's practice of boxing the compass is the action of naming all thirty-two points of the compass in order clockwise. The names of intermediate points are ...

‎32 cardinal points - ‎16 cardinal points - ‎Compass point names - ‎Traditional names

BOXING THE COMPASS

 

 

 

 

[Image]

 

 

Ahoy - Mac's Web Log - Boxing the Compas

ahoy.tk-jk.net/macslog/BoxingtheCompas.html

To name all these points starting from due North and moving in a clockwise direction is called: Boxing The Compass. The compass card within a compass or the ...

Boxing the Compass
The Mariners Compass of 360 degrees is divided into 32 points.

To name all these points starting from due North and moving in a clockwise direction is called:

Boxing The Compass.

The compass card within a compass or the compass rose shown on a map is a circle marked off in a clockwise direction in 360 equal units (360 degrees). North is marked at 0°, east at 90°, south at 180° and west at 270°. These are called the cardinal points of the compass (cardinal meaning of first importance, fundamental). Midway between the cardinal points are the intercardinal points; being northeast at 45°, southeast at 135°, southwest at 225° and northwest at 315°. These may again be divided giving another eight points such as north-northeast and north-northwest. Compass cards and roses are normally marked with these 16 divisions clearly shown. If another 16 intermediary divisions (as was once the custom) are shown then the naming of the resulting 32 points in a clockwise order is known as “Boxing the Compass.”

 

Direction Symbol
 Degrees
North

North by east

North-northeast

Northeast by north

Northeast

Northeast by east

East-northeast

East by north

East

East by south

East-southeast

Southeast by east

Southeast

Southeast by south

South-southeast

South by east

South

South by west

South-southwest

Southwest by south

Southwest

Southwest by west

West-southwest

West by south

West

West by north

West-northwest

Northwest by west

Northwest

Northwest by north

North-northwest

North by west

 N

N by E

NNE

NE by N

NE

NE by E

ENE

E by N

E

E by S

ESE

SE by E

SE

SE by S

SSE

S by E

S

S by W

SSW

SW by S

SW 225

SW by W

WSW

W by S

W

W by N

WNW

NW by W

NW

NW by N

NNW

N by W

 0(360)

11.25

22.5

33.75

45

56.25

67.5

78.75

90

101.25

112.5

123.75

135

146.25

157.5

168.75

180

191.25

202.5

213.75

225

236.25

247.5

258.75

270

281.25

292.5

303.75

315

326.25

337.5
 

 

 

Equinox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinox

An equinox occurs twice a year, around 20 March and 22 September. The word itself has several related definitions. The oldest meaning is the day when ...
‎March equinox - ‎Solstice - ‎Equinox (disambiguation) - ‎June solstice

Equinox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the astronomical event when the sun is at zenith over the Equator. For other uses, see Equinox (disambiguation).

For the same event happening on other planets and setting up a celestial coordinate system, see Equinox (celestial coordinates).

UT date and time of
equinoxes and solstices on Earth[1]

event

equinox solstice

equinox solstice

An equinox occurs twice a year, around 20 March and 22 September. The word itself has several related definitions. The oldest meaning is the day when daytime and night are of approximately equal duration.[2] The word equinox comes from this definition, derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night). The equinox is not exactly the same as the day when period of daytime and night are of equal length for two reasons. Firstly, sunrise, which begins daytime, occurs when the top of the Sun's disk rises above the eastern horizon. At that instant, the disk's center is still below the horizon. Secondly, Earth's atmosphere refracts sunlight. As a result, an observer sees daylight before the first glimpse of the Sun's disk above the horizon. To avoid this ambiguity, the word equilux is sometimes used to mean a day on which the periods of daylight and night are equal.[3][note 1] Times of sunset and sunrise vary with an observer's location (longitude and latitude), so the dates when day and night are of exactly equal length likewise depend on location.

The other definitions are based on several related simultaneous astronomical events, and refer either to the events themselves or to the days on which they occur. These events are the reason that the period of daytime and night are approximately equal on the day of an equinox.

An equinox occurs when the plane of Earth's Equator passes the center of the Sun. At that instant, the tilt of Earth's axis neither inclines away from nor towards the Sun. The two annual equinoxes are the only times when the subsolar point—the place on Earth's surface where the center of the Sun is exactly overhead—is on the Equator, and, conversely, the Sun is at zenith over the Equator. The subsolar point crosses the equator, moving northward at the March equinox and southward at the September equinox.

During an equinox, the Earth's North and South poles are not tilted toward or away from the Sun, and the duration of daylight is theoretically the same at all points on Earth's surface.
At an equinox, the Sun is at one of the two opposite points on the celestial sphere where the celestial equator (i.e. declination 0) and ecliptic intersect. These points of intersection are called equinoctial points: classically, the vernal point (RA = 00h 00m 00s and longitude = 0°) and the autumnal point (RA = 12h 00m 00s and longitude = 180°).

The equinoxes are the only times when the solar terminator is perpendicular to the Equator. As a result, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are illuminated equally.

 

 

September equinox - Time and Date

www.timeanddate.com › Sun & Moon

22 Sep 2014 - There are two equinoxes every year – in September and March – when the sun shines directly on the equator and the length of day and night is ...
September equinox

There are two equinoxes every year – in September and March – when the sun shines directly on the equator and the length of day and night is nearly equal.

Illustration image (omitted)

The Earth during the September equinox.

Seasons are opposite on either side of the equator, so the equinox in September is also known as the "autumnal (fall) equinox" in the northern hemisphere. However, in the southern hemisphere, it's known as the "spring (vernal) equinox".

What happens during an equinox?

The September equinox occurs the moment the Sun crosses the celestial equator – the imaginary line in the sky above the Earth’s equator – from north to south. This happens either on September 22, 23, or 24 every year.

 

 

EQUINOXES 105-42-6

EQUINOX 129-48-3

 

 

P
=
7
-
10
PRECESSION
123
69
6
O
=
9
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
5
-
3
THE
33
15
6
E
=
5
-
9
EQUINOXES
129
57
3
-
-
18
-
24
Add to Reduce
306
153
18
-
-
1+8
-
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+0+6
1+5+3
1+8
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

 

-
24
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
9
6
5
-
6
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
6
6
-
1
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
=
9
=
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
19
9
15
14
-
15
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
15
24
-
19
+
=
180
1+8+0
=
9
=
9
=
-
9
-
24
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
18
5
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
20
-
5
-
5
17
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
-
5
-
-
7
9
5
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
-
5
-
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
=
9
=
-
5
-
24
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
18
5
3
5
19
19
9
15
14
-
15
6
-
20
8
5
-
5
17
21
9
14
15
24
5
19
+
=
306
3+0+6
=
9
=
9
=
-
9
-
-
7
9
5
3
5
1
1
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
2
8
5
-
5
8
3
9
5
6
6
5
1
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
-
9
-
24
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
-
2
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
-
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
7
=
35
3+5
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
-
5
-
30
3+0
=
3
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
=
7
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
=
9
4
24
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
41
-
-
24
-
126
-
-
45
-
2+4
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+1
-
-
2+4
-
1+2+6
-
-
4+5
4
6
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
5
-
-
6
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
7
9
5
3
5
1
1
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
2
8
5
-
5
8
3
9
5
6
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
6
P
R
E
C
E
S
S
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
T
H
E
-
E
Q
U
I
N
O
X
E
S
-
-
5
-
-
6
-
9
-
-
9

 

 

P
=
7
-
10
PRECESSION
123
69
6
O
=
9
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
5
-
3
THE
33
15
6
E
=
5
-
9
EQUINOXES
129
57
3
-
-
18
-
24
Add to Reduce
306
153
18
-
-
1+8
-
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+0+6
1+5+3
1+8
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
10
PRECESSION
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
OF
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
EQUINOXES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
Q
=
8
-
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PRECESSION
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
OF
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EQUINOXES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
24
Add to Reduce
306
153
18
-
3
2
6
4
35
30
7
16
27
-
-
1+8
-
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+0+6
1+5+3
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
3+0
-
1+6
2+7
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
2
6
4
8
3
7
7
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
10
PRECESSION
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
OF
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
EQUINOXES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
X
=
6
-
1
X
24
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
Q
=
8
-
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
PRECESSION
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
OF
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EQUINOXES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
24
Add to Reduce
306
153
18
-
3
2
6
4
35
30
7
16
27
-
-
1+8
-
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+0+6
1+5+3
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
3+0
-
1+6
2+7
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
3
2
6
4
8
3
7
7
9

 

 

10
PRECESSION
123
69
6
2
OF
21
12
3
3
THE
33
15
6
9
EQUINOXES
129
57
3
24
Add to Reduce
306
153
18
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+0+6
1+5+3
1+8
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

A
=
1
6
AUTUMN
90
18
9
S
=
1
6
SUMMER
89
26
8
W
=
5
6
WINTER
89
35
8
S
=
1
6
SPRING
83
38
2
-
-
8
24
Add to Reduce
351
117
27
-
-
-
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+5+1
1+1+7
2+7
-
-
8
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
+
1
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
9
5
-
-
-
+
1
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
+
19
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
9
14
-
-
-
+
19
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
-
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
-
+
-
3
4
4
5
9
+
5
-
-
2
5
9
+
-
7
9
-
-
7
+
=
82
8+2
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
-
+
-
21
13
13
5
18
+
23
-
-
20
5
18
+
-
16
18
-
-
7
+
=
253
2+5+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
14
+
19
21
13
13
5
18
+
23
9
14
20
5
18
+
19
16
18
9
14
7
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
1
3
4
4
5
9
+
5
9
5
2
5
9
+
1
7
9
9
5
7
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
14
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
31
-
-
24
-
117
-
36
1+4
2+4
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
9
-
--
9
-
-
-
9
-
--
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
2+4
-
1+1+7
-
3+6
5
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
1
3
4
4
5
9
+
5
9
5
2
5
9
+
1
7
9
9
5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

4
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
+
1
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
9
5
-
-
-
+
1
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
+
19
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
9
14
-
-
-
+
19
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
-
+
-
3
4
4
5
9
+
5
-
-
2
5
9
+
-
7
9
-
-
7
+
=
82
8+2
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
1
21
20
21
13
-
+
-
21
13
13
5
18
+
23
-
-
20
5
18
+
-
16
18
-
-
7
+
=
253
2+5+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
14
+
19
21
13
13
5
18
+
23
9
14
20
5
18
+
19
16
18
9
14
7
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
1
3
4
4
5
9
+
5
9
5
2
5
9
+
1
7
9
9
5
7
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
31
-
-
24
-
117
-
36
2+4
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
9
-
--
9
-
-
-
9
-
--
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
2+4
-
1+1+7
-
3+6
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
+
1
3
4
4
5
9
+
5
9
5
2
5
9
+
1
7
9
9
5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
-
S
U
M
M
E
R
-
W
I
N
T
E
R
-
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

4
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
-
1
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
-
19
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
2
3
4
-
-
3
4
4
5
9
5
-
-
2
5
9
-
7
9
-
-
7
+
=
82
8+2
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
1
21
20
21
13
-
-
21
13
13
5
18
23
-
-
20
5
18
-
16
18
-
-
7
+
=
253
2+5+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
21
20
21
13
14
19
21
13
13
5
18
23
9
14
20
5
18
19
16
18
9
14
7
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
1
3
4
4
5
9
5
9
5
2
5
9
1
7
9
9
5
7
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
24
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
31
-
-
24
-
117
-
36
2+4
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
9
--
9
-
-
-
9
--
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
2+4
-
1+1+7
-
3+6
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
1
3
2
3
4
5
1
3
4
4
5
9
5
9
5
2
5
9
1
7
9
9
5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
A
U
T
U
M
N
S
U
M
M
E
R
W
I
N
T
E
R
S
P
R
I
N
G
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

AUTUMN ATUM AUTUMN

 

 

24
AUTUMN + WINTER + SPRING + SUMMER
351
126
9
26
NUMERICAL VALUE OF ENGLISH ALPHABET A TO Z
351
126
9

 

 

WINTER SOLSTICE = 191-83-11-2

SUMMER SOLSTICE = 191-83-11-2

SOLSTICE 102-48-3

 

S
=
1
-
SOLSTICE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE-
102
48
30
-
-
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+0
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE
3
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE
3
3
3

 

 

S
=
1
-
SOLSTICE
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
1
O+L
15
6
9
-
-
-
1
S+C+E
27
18
9
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE-
102
48
30
-
-
-
-
-
1+0+2
4+8
3+0
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE
3
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE
3
3
3

 

 

A
=
1
6
AUTUMN
90
18
9
S
=
1
6
SUMMER
89
26
8
W
=
5
6
WINTER
89
35
8
S
=
1
6
SPRING
83
38
2
-
-
8
24
Add to Reduce
351
117
27
-
-
-
2+4
Reduce to Deduce
3+5+1
1+1+7
2+7
-
-
8
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

S
=
1
6
SUMMER
89
35
8
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE-
102
48
3
-
-
2
14
First Total
191
83
11
-
-
-
1+4
Add to Reduce
1+9+1
8+3
1+1
-
-
2
5
Second Total
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
2
5
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

W
=
5
6
WINTER
89
35
8
S
=
1
8
SOLSTICE-
102
48
3
-
-
2
14
First Total
191
83
11
-
-
-
1+4
Add to Reduce
1+9+1
8+3
1+1
-
-
2
5
Second Total
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
2
5
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

SOLSTICES 4 SOLSTICES

 

Solstice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice

A solstice is an astronomical event that occurs twice each year as the Sun reaches its highest or lowest excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. The solstices, together with the equinoxes, are connected with the seasons.
‎Summer solstice - ‎June solstice - ‎Winter solstice -

Solstice

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

is article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013)

UT date and time of
equinoxes and solstices on Earth[1]

event

equinox solstice

equinox solstice

month

March

June

September

December

A solstice is an astronomical event that occurs twice each year as the Sun reaches its highest or lowest excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. The solstices, together with the equinoxes, are connected with the seasons. In many cultures the solstices mark either the beginning or the midpoint of winter and summer.

The word solstice is derived from the Latin sol (sun) and sistere (to stand still), because at the solstices, the Sun stands still in declination; that is, the seasonal movement of the Sun's path (as seen from Earth) comes to a stop before reversing direction.

At latitudes in the temperate zone, the summer solstice marks the day when the sun appears highest in the sky. However, in the tropics, the sun appears directly overhead (called the subsolar point) some days (or even months) before the solstice and again after the solstice, which means the subsolar point occurs twice each year.

The term solstice can also be used in a broader sense, as the date (day) when this occurs. The day of the solstice is either the longest day of the year (in summer) or the shortest day of the year (in winter) for any place outside of the tropics

Definitions and frames of reference[edit]

For an observer on the North Pole, the sun reaches the highest position in the sky once a year in June. The day this occurs is called the June solstice day. Similarly, for an observer on the South Pole, the sun reaches the highest position on December solstice day. When it is the summer solstice at one Pole, it is the winter solstice on the other. The sun's westerly motion never ceases as the Earth is continually in rotation. However, the sun's motion in declination comes to a stop at the moment of solstice. In that sense, solstice means "sun-standing". This modern scientific word descends from a Latin scientific word in use in the late Roman republic of the 1st century BC: solstitium. Pliny uses it a number of times in his Natural History with a similar meaning that it has today. It contains two Latin-language morphemes, sol, "sun", and -stitium, "stoppage".[2] The Romans used "standing" to refer to a component of the relative velocity of the Sun as it is observed in the sky. Relative velocity is the motion of an object from the point of view of an observer in a frame of reference. From a fixed position on the ground, the sun appears to orbit around the Earth.[3]

To an observer in an inertial frame of reference, the planet Earth is seen to rotate about an axis and revolve around the Sun in an elliptical path with the Sun at one focus. The Earth's axis is tilted with respect to the plane of the Earth's orbit and this axis maintains a position that changes little with respect to the background of stars. An observer on Earth therefore sees a solar path that is the result of both rotation and revolution.

A solargraph taken from the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment at the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory in the southern hemisphere. This is a long-exposure photograph, with the image exposed for six months in a direction facing east of north, from mid-December 2009 until the southern winter solstice in June 2010.[4] The sun's path each day can be seen from right to left in this image across the sky; the path of the following day runs slightly lower, until the day of the winter solstice, whose path is the lowest one in the image.
The component of the Sun's motion seen by an earthbound observer caused by the revolution of the tilted axis – which, keeping the same angle in space, is oriented toward or away from the Sun – is an observed daily increment (and lateral offset) of the elevation of the Sun at noon for approximately six months and observed daily decrement for the remaining six months. At maximum or minimum elevation, the relative yearly motion of the Sun perpendicular to the horizon stops and reverses direction.

Outside of the tropics, the maximum elevation occurs at the summer solstice and the minimum at the winter solstice. The path of the Sun, or ecliptic, sweeps north and south between the northern and southern hemispheres. The days are longer around the summer solstice and shorter around the winter solstice. When the Sun's path crosses the equator, the length of the nights at latitudes +L° and -L° are of equal length. This is known as an equinox. There are two solstices and two equinoxes in a tropical year.[5]

Relationship to seasons[edit]

Main article: Season

The seasons occur because the Earth's axis of rotation is not perpendicular to its orbital plane (the “plane of the ecliptic”) but currently makes an angle of about 23.44° (called the "obliquity of the ecliptic"), and because the axis keeps its orientation with respect to an inertial frame of reference. As a consequence, for half the year the Northern Hemisphere is inclined toward the Sun while for the other half year the Southern Hemisphere has this distinction. The two moments when the inclination of Earth's rotational axis has maximum effect are the solstices.

At the June solstice the subsolar point is further north than any other time: at latitude 23.44° north, known as the Tropic of Cancer. Similarly at the December solstice the subsolar point is further south than any other time: at latitude 23.44° south, known as the Tropic of Capricorn. The subsolar point will cross every latitude between these two extremes exactly twice per year.

Also during the June solstice, places on the Arctic Circle (latitude 66.56° north) will see the Sun just on the horizon during midnight, and all places north of it will see the Sun above horizon for 24 hours. That is the midnight sun or midsummer-night sun or polar day. On the other hand, places on the Antarctic Circle (latitude 66.56° south) will see the Sun just on the horizon during midday, and all places south of it will not see the Sun above horizon at any time of the day. That is the polar night. During the December Solstice, the effects on both hemispheres are just the opposite. This also allows the polar sea ice to increase its annual growth and temporary extent at a greater level due to lack of direct sunlight.

 

 

 

 

The Curious Case of Human Hibernation

inhumanexperiment.blogspot.com/.../curious-case-of-human-hibernation...

23 Mar 2010 - Hibernation is a state characterized by inactivity, slower metabolism and ..... Years ago I had heard of a rural French village where the farmer ...

Hibernation is a state characterized by inactivity, slower metabolism and lower body temperature. Hibernating animals most often do so to survive food scarcity, especially during the winter. Man is not considered a hibernating animal, but a glance at modern science and strange accounts from the past suggest we may have to revise our views in the future.

James Braid, the father of hypnotherapy and a man with a fascination for the occult, recorded several odd cases of humans surviving hibernation-like conditions in his 1850 book Observations on Trance (link). In his most famous account an Indian fakir was buried alive in the presence of Sir Claude Wade, the English governor at the time. After remaining in the ground for several months, the fakir was reportedly exhumed and restored to consciousness in good health.

No one knows if Braid and Wade were telling the truth, but findings of the same nature have been reported even quite recently. A 1998 paper from Physiology describes two Indian yogis performing similar stunts, although the durations were much shorter (link):

One yogi went into a state of deep bodily rest and lowered metabolism and was able to remain in an airtight box with no ill effects and no sign of tachycardia or hyperpnea for 10 h.

In a different study done in a more naturalistic setting on a different adept, Yogi Satyamurti (70 yr of age) remained confined in a small underground pit, sealed from the top, for 8 days. He was physically restricted by recording wires, during which time electrocardiogram results showed his heart rate to be below the measurable sensitivity of the recording instruments.

The Curious Case of Human Hibernation
inhumanexperiment.blogspot.com/.../curious-case-of-human-hibernation... Cached
Similar

23 Mar 2010 - Hibernating animals most often do so to survive food scarcity, especially .... The accounts above are of people willingly undergoing depressed metabolism .... Years ago I had heard of a rural French village where the farmer ...

23 Mar 2010 - Hibernating animals most often do so to survive food scarcity, especially .... The accounts above are of people willingly undergoing depressed metabolism .... Years ago I had heard of a rural French village where the farmer ...
A hundred and ten years ago the British Medical Journal ran a short article titled Human Hibernation (link). The article, reprinted in 2000, is a peculiar account of how poor Russian peasants allegedly survive famine by sleeping for half of the year. I'm quoting the full article here:

A Practice closely akin to hibernation is said to be general among Russian peasants in the Pskov Government, where food is scanty to a degree almost equivalent to chronic famine. Not having provisions enough to carry them through the whole year, they adopt the economical expedient of spending one half of it in sleep. This custom has existed among them from time immemorial.

At the first fall of snow the whole family gathers round the stove, lies down, ceases to wrestle with the problems of human existence, and quietly goes to sleep. Once a day every one wakes up to eat a piece of hard bread, of which an amount sufficient to last six months has providently been baked in the previous autumn. When the bread has been washed down with a draught of water, everyone goes to sleep again. The members of the family take it in turn to watch and keep the fire alight.

After six months of this reposeful existence the family wakes up, shakes itself, goes out to see if the grass is growing, and by-and-by sets to work at summer tasks. The country remains comparatively lively till the following winter, when again all signs of life disappear and all is silent, except we presume for the snores of the sleepers.

This winter sleep is called 'lotska'. These simple folk evidently come within 'O fortunatos nimium sua si bona norint!'

In addition to the economic advantages of hibernation, the mere thought of a sleep which knits up the ravelled sleeve of care for half a year on end is calculated to fill our harassed souls with envy. We, doomed to dwell here where men sit and hear each other groan, can scarce imagine what it must be for six whole months out of the twelve to be in the state of Nirvana longed for by Eastern sages, free from the stress of life, from the need to labour, from the multitudinous burdens, anxieties, and vexations of existence.

Don't you just love the poetic style of scientific writing back in those days? The lotska sounds more like an urban legend than an accurate description of lowered metabolism, but in 1906 – six years after the original article appeared – The New York Times ran a story on starving peasants in Russia "lying motionless for days at a time, in order to weaken the pangs of hunger". A few days later, there was a letter to the editor with the following comment on the story (link):

This exigency may be akin to the pseudo-hibernation habitually practiced by Russian peasants in the northern provinces, notably in the Pskov district. If such is the case, the hardships endured by the peasants this Winter may not be as great as the casual reader might be led to believe.

True, the pseudo-hibernation which is general in Pskov has resulted from the fact that famine is well-nigh chronic there; but by pratice from time immemorial the peasants have become accustomed to imitate the habit of the bear and the marmto in Winter, until now the custom is regarded by them as one of the normal conditions of human existence. They have a name for this Winter sleep. It is called "lotska".

In the brief Autumn the housewives prepare a sufficient quantity of hard, black bread to last until Spring. When Winter sets in in earnest the family lie down around the stove and go to sleep. Once in the twenty-four hours everyone wakes up, to nibble at a piece of the black bread, which is washed down with a drink of water. Then all go to sleep again. The members of the family take watch and watch about to keep the fire going.

This pseudo-hibernation lasts until Spring, or upward of six months, when the peasants take up their humble tasks again and are busy until the succeeding Witner, when silence reigns over the frozen land once more.

The writing is somewhat similar to the original 1900 article, but it's not clear whether the writer is the same. Searching for more information on this ancient art of lotska doesn't yield much new, so we're left wondering if the peasants really spent their long winters this way.

The accounts above are of people willingly undergoing depressed metabolism and what might be called a hibernation-like state, but what about people who fall into similar states by accident?

Fast forward about a hundred years, to 1999, when Swedish radiologist Anna Bågenholm got into a skiing accident which left her trapped under a layer of ice (link). For 1 hour 20 minutes, she was in freezing water, suffering the most extreme hypothermia ever recorded in a human. When she was rescued and taken to a hospital, her body temperature was a lethally low 13.7 °C.

After 40 minutes in the icy water, Bågenholm was in cardiac arrest. During cardiac arrest, the normal circulation of blood stops due to failure of the heart to contract effectively. As a result, oxygen is no longer delivered to the body and the brain, which leads to loss of consciousness. Brain injury usually happens after five minutes.

Strangely, despite minor symptoms related to nerve injury, no permanent brain damage was diagnosed in Bågenholm's case. One of the doctors treating her reported that "her body had time to cool down completely before the heart stopped. Her brain was so cold when the heart stopped that the brain cells needed very little oxygen, so the brain could survive for quite a prolonged time."

In 2006, a Japanese man named Mitsutaka Uchikoshi went missing during a mountain climb with friends (link). After leaving his friends to descend the mountain on his own, he tripped and lost consciousness. When he was found 24 days later, his pulse was almost non-existent, his organs had shut down and his body temperature was 22 °C.

Upon hearing his remarkable story, some doctors deemed it physiologically impossible that he had survived for so long without any water. His metabolism had apparently grinded to an almost complete halt. One of the doctors treating him commented: "He fell into a hypothermic state at a very early stage, which is similar to hibernation. Therefore, his brain functions were protected without being damaged and have now recovered 100%. This is what I believe happened".

In late December 2008, Magdeline Makola was abducted and tied up in a car boot (link). After 10 days of drifting in and out of consciousness in below-freezing temperatures, she was found by two traffic police officers. According to doctors, 48 more hours and she would've been dead; in a warmer temperature and she might not have made it through the 10 days. The hypothermia may have saved her life.

In a fascinating TED Talk from 2009, Ken Kamler describes the worst disaster in the history of Mount Everest, and the story of one climber's miraculous survival (link). Due to the fierce wind and extreme conditions, he was not able to return to the base camp from higher up in the mountain and instead just lay there in the snow, too weak to move.

Amidst the chaos, everyone presumed he was dead, until he burst into Kamler's medical tent seemingly out of nowhere, having forced himself to get up and trek back to base camp after 36 hours of being buried in the freezing snow.

Kamler tells the story as an example of the power of the human mind. The climber told him that while laying there in under the snow, he'd thought of his wife and child at home and decided that he couldn't just die there on the mountain. He had to survive for their sake. And so, severely frostbitten and suffering from hypothermia, he somehow managed to not only come back to life but to walk without help to base camp.

The human mind is undoubtedly capable of great things, but reading all these stories, I'm left wondering whether there is something else at play. A recurring theme in many of the cases seems to be that these people's metabolism was slowed down due to freezing temperatures and low oxygen. At mountain altitudes, for example, temperatures and oxygen are lower than at ground level. Even the yogis' tricks were done in small airtight spaces.

For the past years, cell biologist Mark Roth has examined the relationship between oxygen, metabolism and suspended animation. In 2005, he showed that mice exposed to small amounts of hydrogen sulfide put them in a state of hibernation, from which they could be brought back unharmed. The hydrogen sulfide caused the mice's core temperature to drop from 37 °C to 11 °C and their metabolism to slow by 90 percent. Hydrogen sulfide, which is naturally present in the body but toxic at large doses, works by preventing oxygen from binding.

Using freezing temperatures to induce hibernation is generally a bad idea in many species. Warm-blooded animals like humans react to cold by cranking up the internal heating system and burning more oxygen, which spells trouble. According to Roth, the key to lowering metabolism safely is to combine cooling with something that reduces the demand for oxygen (link):

I’m going to be talking [at TED] about unpublished work where we have demonstrated that if you make certain animals cold in an animated state, you kill them. But if you make those same animals cold, but they are now suspended, they all survive.
During the same TED Talk, he mentions experiments showing that if you reduce the oxygen content in the air slightly, roundworms die, and if you reduce it a lot – down to 10 ppm – they stop moving and appear dead but are in fact alive in a state of suspended animation. Unlike their animated and lively friends, these suspended roundworms can be put into cold temperatures without harm.

Exposing an organism to hydrogen sulfide is another way to achieve the same effect as reducing the oxygen content of a container or a room. By binding at the same cell site as oxygen, hydrogen sulfide reduces the need for oxygen, depressing metabolism. Roth theorizes that perhaps hydrogen sulfide production was increased in Bågenholm's own body when she fell under the ice, thus preventing her from dying from the cold.

The first practical application of this technique is surgery, which requires mild hypothermia to prevent harming patients. Even with a small amount of injectable hydrogen sulfide, which Roth's company has developed, the results are apparently better than with a traditional approach. Safety studies are already done, and human trials are underway.

While this is undoubtedly a great medical breakthrough, I can't help but think of other possible applications. What Roth has done is deanimate a mouse by reducing its metabolism and then bring it back to life unharmed. If the human trials are succesful, could this mean hydrogen sulfide might be used even outside surgery? Are we talking about a potential lightweight version of cryonics?

At this point, no one knows. Although similar findings have been confirmed by another lab using mice, two other labs reported that hydrogen sulfide did not induce hibernation in sheep or pigs (link, link), casting doubt on the feasibility of induced hibernation in large mammals.

Also, Roth didn't do lifespan experiments with his mice, so we don't know whether suspending them for longer periods of time might have made them live longer. But given that the connection between lower metabolism and extended lifespan has been shown in several other experiments, I certainly wouldn't be surprised if it did.

Makes you wonder if we could one day be like those poor Russian peasants, sleeping through the hard times and waiting for a brighter future.

For more information on technology and life extension, see these posts:

Biotechnology and the Future of Aging
How to Live Forever: My 5 Steps to Immortality
Aubrey de Grey in Helsinki, Finland
Anti-Aging in the Media: Rolling Stone on Ray Kurzweil

 

 

The last words of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

www.phrases.org.uk/quotes/last-words/goethe.html

The German poet, novelist, playwright, courtier, and scientist, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 – 1832) is widely accepted as being one of the key figures in ...

The last words of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

The last words of Goethe

The German poet, novelist, playwright, courtier, and scientist, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 – 1832) is widely accepted as being one of the key figures in Western culture. His masterwork, Faust, has had an influence in many fields, notably drama and psychology.

His last request was:

More light!

Background to Goethe's last words

Throughout his life, Goethe had a deep fascination for the physical and metaphorical effects of light on humans. Whilst being best remembered now for his literary works, he himself believed the scientific treatise The Theory of Colours, which he published in 1810, to be his most important work.

Although a confirmed non-believer for almost all of his life, a year before dying Goethe sided with the eclectic Hypsistarian sect, writing in a letter to a friend that:

"A joyous light thus beamed at me suddenly out of a dark age, for I had the feeling that all my life I had been aspiring to qualify as a Hypsistarian."

He spent the evening before his death discussing optical phenomena with his daughter-in-law.

All of the above might lead us to believe that his celebrated deathbed cry of Mehr Licht! (More light!) was a plea for increased enlightenment before dying. The truth appears to be more prosaic. What he actually said (in German) was:

"Do open the shutter of the bedroom so that more light may enter".

 

 

DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT

Dylan Thomas

(27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953)

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

 

 

5
SENSE
62
17
8
6
SENSES
81
18
9

 

 

4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
SENSES
81
18
9
10
Add to Reduce
123
42
15
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+2+3
4+2
1+5
1
Essence of Number
6
6
6

 

 

5
SENSE
62
17
8
6
COMMON
73
28
1
6
COMMON
73
28
1
5
SENSE
62
17
8

 

 

6
COMMON
73
28
1
5
SENSE
62
17
8
11
Add to Reduce
135
45
9
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
2
Essence of Number
2
2
9

 

 

-
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
5
-
1
-
5
1
-
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
=
6
-
-
-
15
-
-
15
14
-
19
-
14
19
-
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
-
3
=
3
-
-
3
-
13
13
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
15
13
13
15
14
-
19
5
14
19
5
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
3
6
4
4
6
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
8
-
-
-
-
-
26
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
19
-
-
11
-
45
-
18
2+6
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
1
1+9
-
-
1+1
-
4+5
-
1+8
8
2
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
10
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
2
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
5
-
1
-
5
1
-
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
-
6
=
6
-
-
15
-
-
15
14
-
19
-
14
19
-
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
-
3
=
3
-
3
-
13
13
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
15
13
13
15
14
-
19
5
14
19
5
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
3
6
4
4
6
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
11
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
19
-
-
11
-
45
-
18
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
1
1+9
-
-
1+1
-
4+5
-
1+8
2
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
10
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
C
O
M
M
O
N
-
S
E
N
S
E
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
1
-
9
5
-
-
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
9
14
19
-
9
14
-
-
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
3
2
+
=
7
-
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
3
20
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
19
20
9
14
3
20
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
9
5
1
2
9
5
3
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
=
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
=
9
25
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
20
-
-
8
-
36
-
18
2+5
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
7
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
5
1
2
9
5
3
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
I
N
S
T
I
N
C
T
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

S
=
1
5
SIXTH
80
26
8
S
=
1
5
SENSE
62
17
8
G
=
7
3
GOD
26
17
8

 

 

-
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
1
-
5
1
-
1
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
=
8
-`
-
-
9
-
-
-
19
-
14
19
-
19
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
4
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
6
-
22
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
9
22
5
-
19
5
14
19
5
19
+
=
123
1+2+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
6
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
20
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
25
-
-
10
-
42
-
24
2+0
1+0
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+0
-
4+2
-
2+4
2
1
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
6
-
6
-
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
6
-
6

 

 

10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
1
-
5
1
-
1
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
19
-
14
19
-
19
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
4
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
6
-
22
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
9
22
5
-
19
5
14
19
5
19
+
=
123
1+2+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
6
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
10
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
25
-
-
10
-
42
-
24
1+0
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
1+0
-
4+2
-
2+4
1
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
6
-
6
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
6
-
6

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
S
=
1
-
6
SENSES
81
18
9
-
-
9
4
13
First
156
57
21
-
-
-
-
1+3
Add
1+5+6
5+7
2+1
-
-
9
-
4
Second
12
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
9
-
4
Essence
3
3
3

 

 

-
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
1
-
5
1
-
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-`
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
19
-
14
19
-
19
+
=
88
8+8
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
-
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
6
-
4
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
20
-
5
-
6
-
22
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
6
9
22
5
-
19
5
14
19
5
19
+
=
156
1+5+6
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
+
=
42
4+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
10
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
--
-
6
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
--
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
10
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
13
-
-
13
-
57
-
39
1+0
1+3
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
1+3
-
5+7
-
3+9
1
4
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
12
-
12
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+2
1
4
T
I
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
3
-
3

 

 

-
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
1
-
5
1
-
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-`
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
19
-
14
19
-
19
+
=
88
8+8
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
-
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
6
-
4
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
20
-
5
-
6
-
22
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
6
9
22
5
-
19
5
14
19
5
19
+
=
156
1+5+6
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
+
=
42
4+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
10
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
--
-
6
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
8
--
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
10
13
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
13
-
-
13
-
57
-
39
1+0
1+3
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
1+3
-
5+7
-
3+9
1
4
T
H
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
12
-
12
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
9
4
5
-
1
5
5
1
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+2
1
4
T
I
E
-
F
I
V
E
-
S
E
N
S
E
S
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
3
-
3

 

 

S
=
1
-
5
SIGHT
63
27
9
S
=
1
-
5
SOUND
73
19
1
S
=
1
-
5
SMELL
61
16
7
T
=
2
-
5
TASTE
65
11
2
T
=
2
-
5
TOUCH
67
22
3
-
-
7
4
25
First
329
95
23
-
-
-
-
2+5
Add
3+2+9
9+5
2+3
-
-
7
-
7
Second
14
14
14
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
7
-
7
Essence
5
5
5

 

 

-
25
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
8
-
-
1
6
-
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
8
+
=
46
4+6
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
-
-
19
9
-
8
-
-
19
15
-
14
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
8
+
=
145
1+4+5
=
10
-
1
-
1
-
25
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
-
-
-
3
-
4
-
-
4
5
3
3
-
2
1
-
2
5
-
2
-
3
3
-
+
=
49
4+9
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
7
-
20
-
-
-
21
-
4
-
-
13
5
12
12
-
20
1
-
20
5
-
20
-
21
3
-
+
=
184
1+8+4
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
-
25
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
7
8
20
-
19
15
21
14
4
-
19
13
5
12
12
-
20
1
19
20
5
-
20
15
21
3
8
+
=
329
3+2+9
=
14
1+4
5
-
5
-
-
1
9
7
8
2
-
1
6
3
5
4
-
1
4
5
3
3
-
2
1
1
2
5
-
2
6
3
3
8
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
-
5
-
25
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
5
=
5
-
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
-
8
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
5
=
15
1+5
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
-
8
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
-
59
45
25
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
45
-
-
25
-
95
-
59
4+5
2+5
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+5
-
9+5
-
5+9
9
7
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
9
-
-
7
-
14
-
14
-
-
1
9
7
8
2
-
1
6
3
5
4
-
1
4
5
3
3
-
2
1
1
2
5
-
2
6
3
3
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+4
9
7
S
I
G
H
T
-
S
O
U
N
D
-
S
M
E
L
L
-
T
A
S
T
E
-
T
O
U
C
H
-
-
9
-
-
7
-
9
-
5

 

 

-
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
8
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
-
-
19
9
-
8
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
-
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
7
-
20
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
-
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
19
9
7
8
20
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
-
9
-
-
1
9
7
8
2
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
-
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
--
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
18
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
27
-
-
5
-
27
1+8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
9
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9
-
-
1
9
7
8
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9

 

SIGHT SEE LIGHT LIGHT SEE SIGHT

 

5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
9
-
8
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
-
19
9
-
8
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
7
-
20
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
19
9
7
8
20
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
-
9
-
1
9
7
8
2
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
--
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
27
-
-
5
-
27
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9
-
1
9
7
8
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
S
I
G
H
T
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9

 

 

5
SOUND
73
19
1

 

 

-
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
1
6
-
5
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
3
-
-
19
15
-
14
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
-
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
+
=
7
-
=
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
21
-
4
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
-
7
-
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
19
15
21
14
4
+
=
73
7+3
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
6
3
5
4
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
26
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
19
-
-
5
-
19
2+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+9
-
-
-
-
1+9
8
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
10
-
-
5
-
10
-
-
1
6
3
5
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+0
8
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
1
-
-
5
-
1

 

 

5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
6
-
5
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
3
-
19
15
-
14
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
4
+
=
7
-
=
7
-
7
-
-
-
21
-
4
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
-
7
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
19
15
21
14
4
+
=
73
7+3
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
6
3
5
4
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
19
-
-
5
-
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+9
-
-
-
-
1+9
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
10
-
-
5
-
10
-
1
6
3
5
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+0
5
S
O
U
N
D
-
-
1
-
-
5
-
1

 

 

-
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
--
-
1
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
1
=
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
3
3
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
13
5
12
12
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
-
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
19
13
5
12
12
+
=
61
6+1
=
7
=
7
-
-
1
4
5
3
3
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
32
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
13
-
-
5
-
16
3+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+6
5
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
1
4
5
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
7

 

 
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
1
=
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
4
5
3
3
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
-
13
5
12
12
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
19
13
5
12
12
+
=
61
6+1
=
7
=
7
-
1
4
5
3
3
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
13
-
-
5
-
16
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+6
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
7
-
1
4
5
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
S
M
E
L
L
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
7

 

 

IN SEARCH OF EXTRA TERRESTRIALS

Unsolved UFO sightings... strange secrets of the moon... new evidence that alien astronauts are exploring the earth

Alan Landsburg 1976

Page 79

" The words of J. B. S. Haldane came back to haunt me. He once wrote, "Now my suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose. I suspect that there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in any philosophy. That is the reason why I have no philosophy myself, and must be my excuse for dreaming."

 

 

W
=
5
-
8
WEPWAWET
116
35
8
O
=
6
-
6
OPENER
73
37
1
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
W
=
5
-
4
WAYS
68
14
5
-
-
24
4
23
Add to Reduce
311
113
23
-
-
2+4
-
2+3
Reduce to Deduce
3+1+1
1+1+3
2+3
-
-
6
-
5
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

WEPWAWET OSIRIS WENNEFER

 

 

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The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Book of Going Forth by Day - Google Books Result by Raymond O. Faulkner, Dr. Ogden Goelet, Carol ... - 2008 - History - 174 pages
I have given the sweet breath of the north wind to Osiris Wennefer as when ... this my name of Wepwawet; I have given praise and have made homage to Osiris ... books.google.com/books?isbn=0811864898

 

... - Wadjet, Wepwawet Jump to Wesir/Osiris.‎: Also sometimes Wennefer (Gr: Onnophris) which means "the eternally good being" or "the perfect one". Wesir/Osiris has been ...
www.philae.nu/akhet/NetjeruW.html - Cached - Similar

 

-Osiris, Anhur, Onuris, Wesir Also sometimes Wennefer (Gr: Onnophris) which means "the eternally good being" or "the perfect one". Wesir/Osiris has been called "Lord of the Duat ... www.philae.nu/akhet/NetjeruO.html - Cached - Similar

 

-Ikhernofret's Description of the Osiris Passion Play at Abydos I organized the going forth of Wepwawet when he proceeded to avenge his father; ... I avenged Wennefer that day of the great fight; I overthrew all his ... www.touregypt.net/passionplay.htm - Cached - Similar


-The origins of theater in ancient Greece and beyond: from ritual ... - Google Books Result by Eric Csapo, Margaret Christina Miller - 2007 - Performing Arts - 440 pages I repulsed the attackers of the w^wrt-bark,26 felling the foes of Osiris. ... and I protected Wennefer (= Osiris) on that day of the Great Battle, ... books.google.com/books?isbn=0521836824


... - Kheruef ; TT192 ; TT 192 ; tombe Egypte (5) ... in the presence of Wennefer (the fully regenerated Osiris), for the ka of . ... "An offering which the king gives to Wepwawet of Upper Egypt, .... Osiris, Geb, Nut, Isis and Nephthys, Anubis, as well as to Wepwawet of Upper Egypt. ... www.osirisnet.net/tombes/nobles/kheru/e_kherouef_05.htm


- Cached -OSIRIS - REALM OF THE GODS One of these is, "Wennefer" which means "eternally good" or "eternally ... procession of Osiris`s barque (neshmet) which followed the jackal-god, Wepwawet. ...
gtae.users.btopenworld.com/godsOtoR.htm - Cached - Similar


-A Protective Measure at Abydos in the Thirteenth Dynasty of Abydos for his father Wepwawet, lord of the necropolis, like that which Horus did for his father Osiris Wennefer ,d forbiddinge (3) anyone to trespassf ... www.jstor.org/stable/3821898 - by A Leahy - 1989 - Cited by 5 - Related articles


Oriental Institute | Highlights from the Collection: Mummies 7 Feb 2007 ... Two images of the jackal god Wepwawet, protector of the necropolis, decorate the upper ... Lord of Shechet, and Wennefer (a form of Osiris), ... oi.uchicago.edu › Museum › Highlights from the Collections - Cached - Similar


-[PPT] The Origins of Drama and Theatre File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint - View as HTML
Ikhernofret's Description of the Osiris "Passion Play" at Abydos. “I organized the going forth of Wepwawet when he proceeded to avenge his father; ... I avenged Wennefer that day of the great fight; I overthrew all his enemies upon the ... www.drama.uwaterloo.ca/origins.ppt

 

WHEREVER WHATEVER WHENEVER WENNEFER WENNEFER WHENEVER WHATEVER WHEREVER

 

WENNEFER WEPWAWET WENNEFER

 

-
-
-
-
-
WEPWAWET
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
5
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
5
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WEPWAWET
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WENNEFER
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
5
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
5
F
=
6
-
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
5
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WENNEFER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
8
WEPWAWET
116
35
8
-
8
W
=
5
-
8
WENNEFER
90
45
9
-
9
-
-
10
-
16
-
206
80
17
-
17
-
-
1+0
-
1+6
-
2+0+6
8+0
1+7
-
1+7
-
-
1
-
7
-
8
8
8
-
8

 

WENNEFER WEPWAWET WENNEFER

55555F5R 55P5A55T 55555F5R

WENNEFER WEPWAWET WENNEFER

 

 

-
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
+
=
116
1+1+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
+
=
116
1+1+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
+
=
116
1+1+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
=
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
30
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
15
-
-
8
-
35
-
17
3+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
1+7
3
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
6
-
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
1+7
3
8
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
-
6
-
-
8
-
8
-
8

 

 

-
OPENER OF THE WAYS
-
-
-
6
OPENER
73
37
1
2
OF
21
12
3
3
THE
33
15
6
4
WAYS
68
14
5
15
OPENER OF THE WAYS
195
78
15
1+5
-
1+9+5
7+8
1+5
6
OPENER OF THE WAYS
15
15
6
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
6
OPENER OF THE WAYS
6
6
6

 

 

-
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
 1+0
1
=
1
-
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
-
-
5
6
5
9
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
6
5
18
+
=
62
6+2
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
14
14
5
6
5
18
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
=
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
25
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
20
-
-
8
-
45
-
18
2+5
-
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
7
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
8
-
8

 

WHEREVER WHATEVER WHENEVER WENNEFER WENNEFER WHENEVER WHATEVER WHEREVER

 

8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
 1+0
1
=
1
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
-
-
5
6
5
9
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
5
5
-
-
5
6
5
18
+
=
62
6+2
=
8
=
8
=
8
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
14
14
5
6
5
18
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
=
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
20
-
-
8
-
45
-
18
-
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
8
-
8

 

 

W
=
5
-
8
WEPWAWET
116
35
8
W
=
5
-
8
WENNEFER
90
45
9
-
-
10
-
16
-
206
80
17
-
-
1+0
-
1+6
-
2+0+6
8+0
1+7
-
-
1
-
7
-
8
8
8

 

 

-
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
=
1
-
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
5
5
-
-
5
6
5
9
+
=
70
7+9
=
16
1+6
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
-
23
5
-
-
5
6
5
18
+
=
178
1+7+8
=
16
1+6
8
=
8
=
8
-
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
=
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
-
23
5
14
14
5
6
5
18
+
=
206
2+0+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
=
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
=
-
5
occurs
x
11
=
55
5+5
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
=
9
15
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
30
-
-
16
-
80
-
35
-
26
1+5
1+6
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
=
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
1+6
-
8+0
-
3+5
-
2+6
6
7
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
8
-
8
-
8

 

 

16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
=
1
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
5
5
-
-
5
6
5
9
+
=
70
7+9
=
16
1+6
8
=
8
=
8
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
-
23
5
-
-
5
6
5
18
+
=
178
1+7+8
=
16
1+6
8
=
8
=
8
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
=
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
5
16
23
1
23
5
20
-
23
5
14
14
5
6
5
18
+
=
206
2+0+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
=
8
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
=
2
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
=
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
=
-
5
occurs
x
11
=
55
5+5
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
=
9
16
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
30
-
-
16
-
80
-
35
-
26
1+6
5
5
-
5
-
5
5
-
=
5
5
5
5
5
-
5
-
-
-
3+0
-
-
1+6
-
8+0
-
3+5
-
2+6
7
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
8
-
8
-
8
-
5
5
7
5
1
5
5
2
-
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
W
E
P
W
A
W
E
T
-
W
E
N
N
E
F
E
R
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
8
-
8
-
8

 

 

G
=
7
-
4
GONE
41
23
5
W
=
5
-
4
WEST
67
13
4
S
-
9
4
8
Add to Reduce
108
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
7+2
-
S
-
9
4
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
5
-
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
15
14
-
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
1+2
=
3
=
3
-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
2
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
23
5
-
20
+
=
60
6+0
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
15
14
5
-
23
5
19
20
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
-
-
7
6
5
5
-
5
5
1
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
24
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
21
-
-
8
-
36
-
18
2+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
6
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
-
7
6
5
5
-
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
6
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
5
-
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
15
14
-
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
48
4+8
=
1+2
=
3
=
3
-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
2
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
23
5
-
20
+
=
60
6+0
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
15
14
5
-
23
5
19
20
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
18
1+8
9
=
9
-
-
7
6
5
5
-
5
5
1
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
24
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
21
-
-
8
-
36
-
18
2+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
6
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
-
7
6
5
5
-
5
5
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
6
8
G
O
N
E
-
W
E
S
T
-
-
3
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

N
=
5
-
7
NUMBERS
92
29
2
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
L
=
3
-
9
LANGUAGES
87
33
6
S
-
9
4
19
Add to Reduce
198
72
9
-
-
-
-
1+9
Reduce to Deduce
1+9+8
7+2
-
S
-
9
4
10
Add to Reduce
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
9
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

DONT MIND ME SAYETH MIN

 

-
13
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
13
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
6
5
-
-
6
-
4
-
-
4
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
-
8
=
8
-
-
20
-
5
-
12
-
6
5
-
-
6
-
13
-
-
4
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
-
8
=
8
-
13
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
12
9
6
5
-
15
6
-
13
9
14
4
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
4
9
5
4
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
13
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-`
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-`
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
7
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
8
13
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
37
-
-
13
-
72
-
45
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
4+5
8
4
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
10
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
4
9
5
4
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
4
T
H
E
-
L
I
F
E
-
O
F
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
7
QUANTUM
107
26
8
4
MIND
40
22
4
14
Add to Reduce
180
63
18
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+8+0
6+3
1+8
5
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
4
-
-
4
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
20
-
5
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
13
-
-
4
+
=
135
7+1
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
13
9
14
4
+
=
180
1+8+0
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
9
5
4
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
--
-
-
1
--
--
--
--
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
2
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-`
-
-
-
-
-
3
--
--
-
3
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-
-`
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
4
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
--
--
5
-
--
--
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
-
9
13
14
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
32
-
-
14
-
63
=
36
1+3
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-``
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+4
-
7+2
-
4+5
4
5
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
9
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
  
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
=
9
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
8
3
1
-
2
3
4
-
4
-
-
4
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
20
-
5
-
17
21
1
-
20
21
13
-
13
-
-
4
+
=
135
7+1
=
9
-
9
=
9
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
17
21
1
14
20
21
13
-
13
9
14
4
+
=
180
1+8+0
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
9
5
4
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
-
9
=
9
13
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
--
-
-
1
--
--
--
--
--
-
--
--
--
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
2
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-`
-
-
-
-
-
3
--
--
-
3
--
--
--
--
--
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
=
6
-`
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
4
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
5
-
-
--
--
5
-
--
--
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
 
-
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
-
9
14
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
32
-
-
14
-
63
=
36
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-``
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+4
-
7+2
-
4+5
5
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
2
8
5
-
8
3
1
5
2
3
4
-
4
9
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
  
-
  
-
  
5
T
H
E
-
Q
U
A
N
T
U
M
-
M
I
N
D
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

RA QUANTUM QUANTUM RA

 

 

THE EGYPT CODE

Robert Bauval 1988

Page 30

"It is quite natural, therefore, that the divine tutors of Time and and Calendar should be Thoth, God of Science, and Seshat, Goddess of Writings and Annals.47

Page 31

"It is generally agreed by Egyptologists that the king's first jubilee (or heb-sed festival, as it called by the ancients) was celebrated in the thirtieth year of his reign. But some others are of the opinion that the 30- year period was calendrical, i.e. that it fell in cycles of 30 years irrespective of the number of years the king had reigned. At any rate, it is evident from the text quoted by Budge that the term 'thirty-year festivals' is a euphemism for royal jubilees. Also the mention of the 'Thirty-Years periods' alongside the term 'years of Ra' should affirm to us that the computations of this period had something to do with the sun or rather its yearly cycle, and thus, by extension, the solar calendar. Such an association with the sky and Seshat's royal duties is also evident in the 'stretching of the cord' ceremony, since, as we shall see, this entailed observing the motion and position of the circumpolar stars. Indeed, because of this last role / Page 32 / Seshat was also called 'Lady of Builders', 'Goddess of Cnstruction', 'Founder of Architecture' and perhaps more aptly, 'Lady of the Stars'. To be concise, we can think of Seshat as the royal librarian, the royal scribe, the royal astronomer, the royal architect, the royal engineer, the royal herald and perhaps even the royal adviser all rolled into one" — a sort of Condoleeza Rice to the pharaohs.
It is well established that the 'stretching of the cord' ceremony was practised from at least the Second Dynasty (e. 2900 Bc). As Egyptologist George Hart further explains: 'As early as Dynasty II she (Seshat) a::,sisted the monarch . . . in hammering boundary oles into the ground for the ceremony of "stretching the cord". This is a crucial part of a temple foundation
To be precise, it is fair to say that much of the knowledge we have about the 'stretching of the cord'
remony comes from very late inscriptions, mostly trom the temples at -Edfu and Dendera. Earlier evidence of the ceremony is found only in drawing form, without any explanatory captions. Nonetheless, A s I.E.S. Edwards correctly argued:
in spite of the relative late date of the inscriptions referring to the episodes of the foundation ceremonies, there is no reason to doubt that they preserved an ancient tradition. Some indication that similar ceremonies were already current in the Pyramid Age is provided by a fragmentary relief found in the Vth Dynasty sun-temple of Niuserre, which shows the king and a priestess impersonating Seshat, each holding a mallet and a stake to which a measuring cord is attached. The scene is in complete agreement with
32
the text in the temple at Edfu which represents the king saying: take the stake and I hold the handle of the mallet. I hold the cord with Seshat' .51
In the many depictions of the ceremony found all over Egypt, Seshat always faces the king and each is seen carrying a peg in one hand and a mallet in the other. A short cord is looped between the two pegs, and it is evident from this scene that the protagonists are aligning the axis of a temple or pyramid by stretching cord and aiming it at a distant object, and then fixing the alignment by hammering the two pegs into the ground. Here are some of the inscriptions from the temples at Edfu and Dendera which describe the scene:
[The king says:] I hold the peg. I grasp the handle of the mallet and grip the measuring-cord with Seshat. I turn my eyes to the movements of the stars. I direct my gaze
towards the bull's thigh [niesichetiu; Plough]. . . I make - firm the corners of the temple . .52 -
[A priest says:] The king stretches joyously the cord, having turned his head towards the bull's thigh and establishes the temple in the manner of ancient times.53
[The king saysl I grasp the peg and the mallet; I stretch the cord with Seshat; I observed the trajectory of the stars with my eye which is fixed on the bull's thigh; I have been the god who indicates Time with the Merkhet instrument. I have established the- four corners of the temple.54
33

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Friday, July 6, 2007

Colin Wilson

Page 15

"ALL THE SEVENS Just why is tomorrow's date (7-7-07 said to be so special ? OR THOSE of the marrying disposition, tomorrow is the most auspicious day to wed for decades. Gamblers should also find their luck is in.
Anyone with a birthday can hope to be kissed by good chance. And the rest of us? Well, fortune should be smiling on us too. The reason for all this bounty lies in the fact that tomorrow, Saturday, happens to fall on the seventh day of the seventh month of the seventh year of the millennium. Throughout history, seven has been regarded as a perfect number. So what date could be more special than 7/07/07 - except perhaps the seventh of July 1977? Modern man long ago forgot why seven has always been so blessed. But he still evokes that ancient knowledge when he uses the phrase 'being in the seventh heaven'. The number seven runs throughout world mythology, magic and religion and symbolises completeness and perfection. There are seven seas, seven virtues, Seven Wonders of the World. Seven colours of the rainbow as well as repeated references in the Bible - the seven days of Creation, the seven deadly sins, and the blessing- of the seventh day which makes Sunday a day of rest. Of course, July 7, 2005 is i remembered as one the most tragic events in recent British history - the London tube and bus bombings. But it cannot be denied that the notion of seven being a special number goes way back beyond Biblical times, extending to our remotest ancestors. The proof lies in the group of stars known as the Pleiades, or Seven Sisters. The acclaimed British anthropologist Stan Gooch discovered that they are the only constellation named by every culture on Earth, past and present, and going back at least 40,000 years.
The Greek legend of the Pleiades says they are six maidens and their mother, who were pursued through the forest by Orion the Hunter, until Zeus took pity on them and changed them into stars.
The Australian Aborigines call them the hunter Wurunna. The Wyoming Indians have the seven maidens pursued by a bear And they also play an important part in the legends of the Aztecs, the Incas, the Polynesians, the Chinese, the Masai and the Kikuyu of Kenya, the Hindus and the ancient Egyptians. They are important to all these ancient peoples because they symbolise the number seven.

 

 

-
8
G
O
D
S
-
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
1
-
-
6
5
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
15
-
19
-
-
15
14
-
+
=
63
6+3
=
9
-
9
-
6
-
8
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O
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-
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-
-
-
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-
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-
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-
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7
-
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18
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9
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9
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9
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7
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4
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+
=
36
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9
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9
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-
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-
7
15
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19
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20
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14
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=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
-
7
6
4
1
-
2
6
5
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
8
G
O
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-
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E
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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1
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3
-
-
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-
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3
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occurs
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4
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10
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7
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occurs
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7
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7
-
-
8
-
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9

 

 

8
G
O
D
S
-
T
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E
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
-
-
-
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6
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=
9
-
9
-
9
-
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15
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19
-
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14
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=
63
6+3
=
9
-
9
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-
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7
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4
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9
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9
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99
9+9
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4
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-
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7
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

HOW GREAT THOU ART

O LORD MY GOD WHEN I IN AWESOME WONDER CONSIDER ALL THE WORLDS THY HANDS HAVE MADE

I SEE THE STARS I HEAR THE ROLLING THUNDER THE POWER THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE DISPLAYED

THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT THOU ART

THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT THOU ART

WHEN THROUGH THE WOODS AND FOREST GLADES I WANDER AND HEAR THE BIRDS SWING SWEETLY IN

THE TREES WHEN I LOOK DOWN FROM LOFTY MOUNTAIN GRANDEUR AND SEE THE BROOK AND FEEL

THE GENTLE BREEZE THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW

GREAT THOU ART THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT

THOU ART AND WHEN I THINK THAT GOD HIS SON NOT SPARING SENT HIM TO DIE I SCARCE CAN TAKE IT

IN THAT ON THE CROSS MY BURDEN GLADLY BEARING HE BLED AND DIED TO TAKE AWAY MY SIN

THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT THOU ART

THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT THOU ART

WHEN CHRIST SHALL COME WITH SHOUT OF ACCLAMATION AND TAKE ME HOME WHAT JOY SHALL FILL

MY HEART THEN I SHALL BOW IN HUMBLE ADORATION AND THEN PROCLAIM MY GOD HOW GREAT

THOU ART THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT THOU

ART THEN SINGS MY SOUL MY SAVIOUR GOD TO THEE HOW GREAT THOU ART HOW GREAT THOU ART

 



 
 
 
 
 

 

 

MAN AND THE STARS

CONTACT AND COMMUNICATION WITH OTHER INTELLIGENCE

THE MYSTERIOUS SIGNALS FROM OUTER SPACE

Duncan Lunan 1974

'A. The ''Foreseedble'' Mission
1; Will There Be Suitable Planets?

Witness this new-made World, another Heaven
From Heaven-gate not far, founded in view
On the clear hyaline, the glassy sea:
Of amplitude almost immense,with stars
Numerous, and every star perhap's a world
Of destined habitation...
Milton Paradise Lost Book 7, II. 617 - 62

 

 

LIFE OUT THEIR

THE TRUTH OF - AND SEARCH FOR - EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE

Michael White 1998

Page 97

"The first venue for Phoenix was / Page 98 / Australia, where astronomers used the Parkes 64-metre antenna and the Mopra 22-metre antenna, both in New South Wales. Because Australia was the first site, a very high proportion of the stars in the targeted group were those seen only in the Southern Hemisphere, including 650 G-Dwarf stars. In 1996, the system was taken back to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in West Virginia, where a 40-metre dish was used to follow through the next stage of the search. The project is currently established at the largest radio telescope in the world - the 305-metre Arcibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico.
At the time of going to press, the interstellar 'airwaves' remain silent, but no one involved in the Phoenix project thought there would be much chance of immediate success. And indeed, there are some astronomers who suggest that the official SETI teams are going about things the wrong way. They argue that radio tele­scopes should be turned towards the centre of the Milky Way, where the stars are far more densely packed and where, they say, there is a far greater chance of finding something interesting. But this has associated problems, not least of which is the fact that it would be very difficult to'separate the multitude of natural signals constantly emitted from so many stellar objects. As the British astronomer Michael Rowan-Robinson says: 'Looking along the plane of the galaxy, like looking at car headlights in a traffic jam, makes it very difficult to detect one source of radio emission from another. And, if such radio emissions would also fade away over distance, we would probably detect nothing.'
An alternative argument is that we should not be looking for radio signals at all. Some researchers suggest that an advanced alien race would have dispensed with radio long ago, and may be . sending information using lasers. Others assume that the majority of surviving civilisations in the Universe would be far in advance of us and might be located by searching for the heat they gener­ate as a by-product of their energy-production systems.
The eminent American physicist, and one-time associate of Albert Einstein, Freeman Dyson, who works at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, has proposed a scheme by which a very advanced technology could produce an almost limitless fuel / Page 99 / supply. He speculates that a sufficiently developed civilisation could harness the total energy output of their home sun by building a sphere of receivers and energy converters around it. These 'Dyson spheres', as they have become known, would of course provide tremendous amounts of energy but would also radiate commensurate amounts of heat, which could be detected light­years away in the infrared region of the spectrum. Others have taken this idea even further by suggesting that civilisations perhaps millions of years in advance of our own could utilise the energy output of an entire galaxy, or even a cluster of galaxies, and that some of the many types of energy source we see in distant parts of the Universe are the waste products from such processes." This has led those involved with SETI to categorise potential civilisations into three distinct classes.
Type-I cultures (which include us) are those which have developed to the point where they can exploit the natural resources of a single, home world. A Type-II civilisation would be capable of building something like Dyson spheres and processing the entire energy output of their sun. This level of development would almost certainly be associated with the ability to travel interstellar distances. Such cultures may also have developed means by which they could circumnavigate the hurdles presented by the light-speed restriction. A culture that had reached this stage of development would be thousands or perhaps tens of thousands of years in advance of us.
A Type-III civilisation would be millions of years ahead of us, / Page 100 / and would have developed the technology to utilise the entire resources of their galaxy, an ability which to us appears God-like but is actually possible within the laws of physics. It is nothing more supernatural than a consequence of a life-form starting their evolutionary development a little before us in relative, universal terms. To us, such beings would demonstrate God-like powers, but they too would have originated in a slurry of single-celled organisms on some far-distant planet. They would simply have had a longer time in which to develop.
This classification was first postulated in the 1960s, quickly becoming an internationally accepted standard. This was also the most active period of Soviet work on the search for alien civilisations, and on one occasion scientists in the USSR actually thought for a while that they had encountered a Type-III civilisation.
It was 1965, the Russians were leading the world in efforts to detect messages from ETs, and their top researcher was a man named Nikolai Kardashev (who was also the first to discuss seriously the idea of super-civilisations and civilisation types). One morning at the Crimea Deep Space Station, Kardashev's team detected an incredibly strong signal that was certainly of extraterrestrial origin. The interesting thing about it was not simply its power, but the fact that the signal seemed to slowly change frequency over time, sweeping through a broad band. This type of signal was quite unprecedented, and to the Soviet team almost certainly the fingerprint of a civilisation attempting to make contact.
Against his better judgement, but bowing to pressure from his colleagues, Kardashev decided to announce the finding publicly, declaring to the world's press that the source was almost certainly an extraterrestrial civilisation. Sadly, it was not to be. Within hours, scientists at Caltech in the US contacted their Russian colleagues to inform them that what they had observed fitted exactly the description of an object they too had detected a few months earlier and had been studying ever since. They called the source a 'quasar', or quasi-stellar object, and it was definitely not a signal from an advanced civilisation of any description.
Quasars are still only partially understood. Scientists know that they are tremendously powerful sources of electromagnetic radi-/ Page 101 / ation and that they are moving away from us at high speeds. They are believed to be extremely turbulent galaxies - a seething mass of matter and energy very different from our own stable Milky Way. It is suspected that at the heart of each quasar lies a black hole which traps within its intense gravitational field anything that approaches it. As matter and energy are sucked in, but before they disappear behind what physicists call the 'event horizon' (from which there is no return), they collide with other forms of matter already trapped there and emit energy that may just escape the gravitational clutches of the nearby black hole.
Quasars are fascinating and exotic stellar objects, and their close study has provided new insights into the nature of the Universe; but they are not the only strange objects to be discovered by acci­dent and mistaken for the hallmarks of extraterrestrial intelligence.
In 1967, a Ph.D. student at Cambridge University named Jocelyn Bell detected a strong, regular signal coming from deep space in the waterhole region of the spectrum. After reporting the findings to her supervisor, Anthony Hewish, they agreed they would not go public until they had investigated the signal fully. Gradually they eliminated all possible conventional sources until they realised that the signal was actually an emission from a strange object in deep space that was sending out an almost p.er­fectly regular pulse. The object was then found to be a neutron star, or 'pulsar', the remains of a dead star that had collapsed under its own gravitational field so much that the electrons orbiting the nucleus of the atoms making up the star had been jammed into the nuclei and fused with protons to form neutrons. This super-dense matter emits pulses with such regularity that pulsars are thought to be'the most accurate clocks in th'e Universe.
Since Bell and Hewish's discovery, other regular signals have been detected which have not originated from pulsars or any terrestrial source, but have appeared only once. A team led by Professor Michael Horowitz at Harvard University has reported thirty-seven such signals during the past ten years, all within twenty-five light-years of Earth, but because they have not been repeated they do not qualify as genuine candidates for signals from a race trying to contact us. They could, of course, be one-off / Page 102 / leakages from specific events, but we might never know, and for scientists to analyse a signal properly, they need a repeated, strong, regular pulse.
So far, the most important find was a signal detected at the Ohio State University 'Big Ear' radio telescope in August 1977. Known by SETI researchers and enthusiasts as the 'Wow' signal, after the monosyllabic exclamation written on the computer print-out by an astonished astronomer at the station, it lasted exactly thirty-seven seconds and appears to have come from the direction of Sagittarius. Although, most strikingly, the signal was a narrow-band signal precisely at the hydrogen frequency of 1420 MHz, it has not been detected even a second time, in Sagittarius or anywhere else.
So, what of the future? Is the continuing search for intelligent life in the Universe a total waste of money, as its opponents insist, or are we perhaps on the threshold of a great discovery?
In commercial terms, SETI is potentially the greatest scientific bargain ever. The cost of the project to the US government was a tenth of 1 per cent of NASA's annual budget and is now financed privately, so even the die-hard sceptics cannot claim that it is drain on the tax-payer. Furthermore, the potential gains from the success of the project would be unparalleled in human history. Quite simply, there is absolutely nothing to lose in trying.
More problematic will be maintaining the momentum of a project which, year after year, fails to deliver the goods. The argument against this is that both pulsars and quasars were discovered indirectly through the efforts of SETI researchers, and it is also true that improvements in techniques. and development of new types of equipment used in the search will filter down into other areas of research and then on to everyday use.
However, one difficulty for future researchers will be the growing level of terrestrial interference. Some enthusiasts argue that we are currently living through a window of opportunity in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and that the embryonic communications revolution will soon work against our chances of detecting a pure signal from another world."

Page 99 notes

• For more than twenty-five years, astronomers have been observing sudden bursts of energy from a variety of different locations in the cosmos. They detect these bursts, which are thought to be the result of the most powerful explosions ever witnessed, by following a left-over trace of gamma rays (a form of electromagnetic radiation) that reach the Earth. There are literally hundreds of theories that attempt to explain these bursts, including the notion that they could be the result of the activities of some super-civilisation. Recently, one such burst was carefully moni­tored and found to have come from an explosion so powerful that in ten minutes the source produced more energy than the total output of our Sun during its life­time. Astronomers are actively chasing the source and the cause of this phenomenon and hope to solve the mystery after one more sustained observation of the effect. The trouble is, no one knows when or where the next one will be.

 

 

REALITY FORBIDDEN

Phillip E. High 1967

Page 180

" IN THE bright light where he had been resting, Welt sprang to his feet.
You betrayed me."
"I did not contract to conceal you. You asked to stay here and I permitted you to do so."
Welt swore but there was sweat on his face.
Far away, Gilliad said, "You supplied the dream machines."
"Not precisely; they were adapted from information I supplied for a less comprehensive purpose."
"But you knew it could be adapted?"
"Technical information is neutral. It creates or destroys not of itself but according to the requirements of those who possess it."
Gilliad scowled at the mike in his hand, becoming slowly aware that he was dealing with an intelligence far greater than his own. "Am I to understand you dispense technical information irrespective of who asks for it?"
"Correct."
"But, good God, you could have provided the Immunes with a weapon which could have destroyed humanity."
"That offer was made but rejected since they, themselves, would have perished with it."
Gilliad swore under his breath. "What exactly is your purpose-what do you do?" / Page 181 /

I do nothing. My purpose is to dispense technical information, irrespective of who asks it and, again, irrespective of the ends to which that information is put."
Gilliad resisted an inclination to. scratch his head; he was out af his depth and knew it. Finally he said almost to himself, "There must be a reason."
"Of course there is a reason"
"Then I would like to know it"
"Very well, but please give your imagination rein. I represent Intelligences so highly evolved to attempt to explain it is impossible. Their life span is by your standards infinite; to them a million years tick past like seconds; they observe the birth and death of suns and passing of galaxies as you note the changing of seasons. Above all else, hnwever, their compassion for all living intelligences is absolute."
The voice paused, then went on: "The universe is, again by your standards, infinite. Let me assure you that from this planet, even with instruments, you observe a fraction so small as to be almost non-existent when set against the true immensity of things as they are.
"Bear this in mind when I tell you that uncountable intelligences come into being every second and, every second, intelligences such as yours reach the most critical period in their development.
"This critical period may be likened to the transition from pupa to butterfly but is many, many tirnes more dangerous. When a culture reaches this stage it is poised between maturity and eternity. When I tell you that out of every twenty million cultures to reach this stage only two achieve maturity you will perceive some of the true hazards.
"You, yourselves, were tottering on the brink of chaos, threatened with war, devastating weapons and undoubted financial collapse. So many like you have perished from / Page 183 / the universe forever in this critical stage of transition.
"Something had to be done, therefore, without actively interfering with the free growth of the culture involved and, after many experiments, this one was found to be the most successful. Since its inception the appalling figure of two in twenty-million has risen to a ninety per cent survival figure." The voice stopped.
Gilliad swallowed and looked helplessly at his two companions. Then he said, "But how?" numbly.
"The introduction of advanced technologies provide a guide line for the ascending culture. It is irrelevant, how those technologies are used; the culture is, at this stage, psychotically introvert and its attention must be diverted from itself"
"But, good God, we were enslaved for nearly three centuries; millions perished."
"True, but it might have been the entire race of man. Absolute compassion must, to succeed, resort to absolute ruthlessness or at least manifest itself as apparent ruthlessness. It cannot afford to concern itself with individual tragedies or intransient persecutions when the survival of an entire culture is at stake."
Osterly craned forward to the mike. "Apart from that we don't seem to benefit very much, do we?"
"You are speaking from your emotions and not your intelligence. Already you have opened up entirely new fields in psychiatry and stepped into an entirely new conception of the human mind. You have, without my help, devised a telepathic device which will wipe away forever all misunderstandings between races and individuals. Again, you have a mechanism you call the 'subjo' the workings of which I am fully prepared to explain. This mechanism, when exploited, will not only provide nearly costless transport, it will give you the stars."

Page 184

"We also have over a million Imnunes," said Gilliad angrily "A million enemies af the people"
"Correction. You have one million, two hundred and eighty thousand, six hundred and five."
"What difference daes it make? They are enemies."
"Again, correction. You have one million, two hundred and eighty thousand, six hundred and five mentally sick patients far whom you are responsible."
Gilliad was shaken. It was an entirely fresh view af an immediate prablem and he was sensitive enough, despite his anger, to see its truth. Somehow the implied rebuke heightened the obvious truth af the statement.
"Can they be cured?"
"Yes, they can be cured but, in view af your state of development, it is, perhaps, fortunate to add that the cure is not pleasant. Treatment, therefore, can be reconciled both with justice and with punishment. Your patients, in order to effect a lasting cure, will have to be beamed into the belief that they are Susceptibles. They will have to be convinced that they are addicts and that all these centuries of power have been subjective. Only then will they respond to the treatments already in your possession and emerge as sane and responsible people."
Gilliad stared unseeingly across the apparently empty landscape, awed and not a little shocked. "Are you ane of these demigods?"
"No', I am an instrument-one of many, many more.
We follow a routine practice which scarcely varies no matter what life form has reached its critical stage af development. We land unobserved and unnoticed-naturally we have advanced techniques far circumventing detection instruments. Having landed, we link with the culture's communication systems, break down and learn all the languages. We familiarise ourselves with politics, history, / Page 184 / local and general; customs, traditions, mores and, of course, draw up a comprehensive psychological graph in respect of the entire culture.
"We are then ready for the first contact and we adapt our outward appearances to the psychological development of the particular native as he or she approaches."
"It sounds very pretty." Grimm's voice was harsh. " But as I see it, in view of the fact that you hand out any information gratis, you could be providing the instruments of a planet's destruction. You could be handing an atom bomb to an imbecile."
"Let me assure you that our percentages are precise beyond reasonable doubt. If a culture does destroy itself with the information we provide them, I assure you it would have destroyed itself in any case and without our intervention."

 

 

JOURNEY = 108 36 9 36 108 = JOURNEY

 

 

JUST SIX NUMBERS

Martin Rees

1
999

OUR COSMIC HABITAT

PLANETS STARS AND LIFE

Page 24

A

proton

is

1,836 times heavier than an electron, and the number 1,836

would have the same connotations to any 'intelligence'

 

 

 THE

QUESTION

HAS BEEN ASKED AGAIN AND AGAIN

IS THERE SOME MEANS OF KNOWING WHEN THE MOMENT HAS COME TO TAKE

THE TIDE AT THE

FLOOD

 

 

EIGHTEEN+THIRTYSIX = 9 9 = EIGHTEEN+THIRTYSIX

GOD WITH US 1836 US WITH GOD

 

 

CHEIRO'S BOOK OF NUMBERS

Circa 1926

Page106
"Shakespeare, that Prince of Philosophers, whose thoughts will adorn English literature for all time, laid down the well-known axiom: There is a tide in the affairs of men which if taken at the flood, leads on to fortune." The question has been asked again and again, Is there some means of knowing when the moment has come to take the tide at the flood?
My answer to this question is that the Great Architect of the Universe in His Infinite Wisdom so created all things in such harmony of design that He endowed the human mind with some part of that omnipotent knowledge which is the attribute of the Divine Mind as the Creator of all.

The question has been asked again and again, Is there some means of knowing when the moment has come to take the tide at the flood?

 

 

 THE

QUESTION

HAS BEEN ASKED AGAIN AND AGAIN

IS THERE SOME MEANS OF KNOWING WHEN THE MOMENT HAS COME TO TAKE

THE TIDE AT THE

FLOOD

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
Q
=
8
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8
QUESTION
120
39
3
H
=
8
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HAS
28
10
1
B
=
2
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BEEN
26
17
8
A
=
1
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ASKED
40
13
4
A
=
1
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5
AGAIN
32
23
5
A
=
1
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AND
19
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AGAIN
32
23
5
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28
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THERE
56
29
2
S
=
1
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SOME
52
16
7
M
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MEANS
52
16
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OF
21
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K
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KNOWING
93
39
3
W
=
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WHEN
50
23
5
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
M
=
4
-
6
MOMENT
80
26
8
H
=
8
-
3
HAS
28
10
1
C
=
3
-
4
COME
36
18
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
T
=
2
-
4
TAKE
37
10
1
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
T
=
2
-
4
TIDE
38
20
2
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
F
=
6
-
5
FLOOD
52
25
7
B
-
87
Q
104
First Total
1108
460
118
-
-
8+7
-
1+0+4
Add to Reduce
1+1+0+8
4+6+0
1+1+8
-
-
15
-
5
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
1+5
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
6
-
5
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

YOU ARE GOING ON A JOURNEY A VERY SPECIAL JOURNEY DO HAVE A PLEASANT JOURNEY DO

 

Q
=
8
-
-
QUO VADIS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
2
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
1
1
Q
=
8
-
8
QUO VADIS
108
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0+8
3+6
3+6
Q
=
8
-
8
QUO VADIS
9
9
9

 

WHITHER GOEST THOU

221-86-14-5

5-14-86-221

THOU GOEST WHITHER

 

Q
=
8
-
-
QUO VADIS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
Q
17
8
8
-
-
-
-
2
U+O
36
9
9
-
-
-
-
3
V+A+D
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
S
19
1
1
Q
=
8
-
8
QUO VADIS
108
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0+8
3+6
3+6
Q
=
8
-
8
QUO VADIS
9
9
9

 

 

8
QUO VADIS
108
36
9
6
VOX POP
108
36
9
11
SORROW
108
36
9
8
INSTINCT
108
36
9
11
DESCENDANTS
108
36
9
8
STARTING
108
36
9
9
NARRATIVE
108
36
9
9
SEQUENCES
108
36
9
9
COMPLETES
108
36
9
9
AMBIGUOUS
108
36
9
7
JOURNEY
108
36
9

 

 

 

FIRST CONTACT

 

 

11
DECLARATION
102
48
3
2
OF
21
12
3
10
PRINCIPLES
121
58
4
10
CONCERNING
102
57
3
10
ACTIVITIES
117
45
9
9
FOLLOWING
113
50
5
3
THE
33
15
6
9
DETECTION
95
41
5
2
OF
21
12
3
16
EXTRATERRESTRIAL
213
78
6
12
INTELLIGENCE
115
61
7
94
First Total
1053
477
54
9+4
Add to Reduce
1+0+5+3
4+7+7
5+4
13
Second Total
9
18
9
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

Extraterrestrial Intelligence

SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and the Consequences:. Futurological Reflections on the Confrontation of Mankind with an. Extraterrestrial ...

[This draft of a revised article is made available courtesy of Dr. Michael Schetsche for the
members, supporters, and site visitors of Astrosociology.com – posted 01/07/2005]
[Translated from the original German version]
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and the Consequences:


Futurological Reflections on the Confrontation of Mankind with an Extraterrestrial Civilization
by
Dr. Michael Schetsche


In March 2003 the SETI@home-Project [Link1] which had become known worldwide not least because of its innovative use of the internet, entered into its second phase: For two days researchers could use the largest radio telescope in the world in Arecibo (Puerto Rico) to further investigate 150
radio sources which had shown ”anomalies” during the evaluation of data of the last four years. But even the participating researchers consider it highly unlikely to discover in this way a signal of unmistakably intelligent origin. And it is good that way. Because SETI-research is, from the viewpoint of socio-psychology, High-Risk-Research. However, nobody has realized it yet – not even the participating scientists. This essay investigates with futurological methods the possible consequences of contact with an extraterrestrial civilization for the culture on earth.
In the four decades of SETI-research committed debates were held concerning promising search strategies, suitable listening techniques and possible communication codes (current: Lesch/Müller 2004). However, the following question was almost always cut out: What would be the social consequences in case a SETI -project would actually be successful or mankind would be confronted in another way with the existence of an Extraterrestrial civilization? Until today this question has hardly been systematically investigated – apart from the works of the American psychologist Albert A. Harrison. For this abstinence of the SETI-researchers and the scientific community there are at first glance a number of good reasons: Refraining from the apparent wastefulness of scientific resources by concerning oneself with hypothetical questions, a lack of interest in such questions by 2 governmental sponsors and the unsettled competences between natural science and social science concerning problems at the intersection between mankind and cosmos. But there is another reason for this apparent disinterest: The fear to really contemplate the terrestrial consequences of a confrontation with extraterrestrials. What should be of concern is especially the question where we will meet the aliens if indeed the ‘day x’ has arrived sometime. Until now the vast majority of SETI-researchers has attempted to ban the aliens, at least intellectually, into as far a distance as possible, almost into a fictitious quarantine, out of which they may communicate with us. ”It is further assumed that the ETIs are located in or near their own solar system, at immense distances form Earth...” (Billingham 2002: 668 – emphasis by M. Sch). That the aliens will stay where they come from (i.e. in their own solar system) is less a scientifically founded assumption than wishful thinking which is also fed by the fear of the possibility that everything could also happen very differently.
Until today researchers vehemently attempt to give the impression that the ‘first contact’ is only conceivable as a long-distance-contact with the help of radio waves or laser light. The possibility of a direct meeting however is categorically dismissed by almost all involved. The central argument
that is proposed for this pre-assumption is the extremely long travel time resulting from the great distances between planetary systems (here one speaks of centuries if not millennia). However, this only makes sense on the basis of several anthropocentric pre-assumptions: a travel technology and
temporality of the traveler similar to those of mankind, subject-oriented travel planning and the ‘biological quality’ of the potential visitors. No doubt all this is assumed in the debates about the contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. In view of the lack of any knowledge regarding the forms
of extraterrestrial life, such pre-assumptions are indeed everything but self-evident. Aliens could have a life expectancy a hundredfold higher than that of humans, they could use generations space ships, they could send highly developed robots, they could use completely different travel
technologies etc. We simply don’t know that. And thus we also can’t say anything about whether the first contact, if it should happen at all, would indeed be established through a radio signal.
In spite of all exobiological play of thoughts (Fuchs 1972; Heidmann 1995; Clark 2000) prior to the actual contact we simply don’t know anything about the physical outfitting, the technological possibilities or the motives of the strangers. Thus it hardly makes any sense to include their
hypothetical qualities in the reflections on the consequences of such a contact. Nevertheless, we can think about such questions on the basis of our knowledge of the circumstances on earth itself, such 3 as the psychic constitution of mankind and its forms of social organizations. If we take the preassumptions of the SETI-research about the existence of an enormous number of extraterrestrial civilizations seriously, there would be four factors, completely independent of the hypothetical qualities of the aliens, which will determine the reaction of mankind to a first contact: (1) the kind
of contact, (2) the place where it occurs, (3) our collective psychological projections as well as (4) the possibility to keep the event secret.
(1) The kind of contact
The hopes of almost all SETI-researchers today concentrate on a long-distance-contact through radio waves – perhaps also because that would have quite likely less far-reaching consequences for mankind than a close contact. The further away we know the aliens to be, the less threatening their
existence appears to be. If, based on the already mentioned anthropocentric basic assumptions, we wouldn’t have to be prepared for a physical visit of extraterrestrials, the dramatic variant of another contact scenario would also loose its probability: the idea of a physical colonization by a superior
civilization of extraterrestrials (as can be found in movies such as ”Independence Day”). A distance of several thousand light years would – regrettably for terrestrial scientists – de facto exclude a short term communication, however within the mentioned framework of prior assumptions it would also largely render superfluous the fear of a real meeting.
Something similar would apply regarding the question of temporal distance, if we consider the case of a ‘contact’ with the help of a technological artifact (cf. Brookings-Report 1960: 42, 182; Harrison/Johnson 2002: 113; Zaun 2004). In contrast to initiating contact with the help of
electromagnetic waves, where the spatial distance automatically determines the temporal distance as well, in this case we deal with a temporal difference between sending and receiving of a message which is independent of the spatial distance between the civilizations. As a classical fictitious case one can consider the novel / movie ”2001 – A Space Odyssey”: While exploring the moon, humans discover the artifact of a foreign civilization which was left there several millions of years ago apparently for establishing contact in the future (cf. Hurst 2004).
(2) The Space of Contact
Compared to such a long-distance-contact, every kind of immediate contact, whether with aliens themselves or with representatives they created, would have extremely dramatic cultural impacts.
4 It is my thesis that in this case too the spatial distances are of great importance: the closer to earth such a physical contact occurs, the more negative will be the psychological and social consequences. One can substantiate this thesis first with our sociological and psychological knowledge about the short-term consequences of unexpected meetings with strangers and secondly with the historical experiences of long-term consequences of symmetrical cultural contacts here on earth.
Let’s begin with the short-term consequences. As sociological research shows, the felt notion of a threat amongst humans increases the closer to one’s own social habitat the meeting with a potentially dangerous opponent occurs. Reports of crimes in ones own town are more disturbing than those in
other cities, violence in ones own part of town induces more fear than that in other parts of the town etc. By far the strongest worry however is felt by humans if that which is felt as threatening appears in ‘ones own four walls’.
We can conclude from this that the eruption of mass panics is most likely when the contact occurs on earth itself, in the ‘living room’ of mankind so to speak. Here again the geographical distance will play an important role. If contact occurs at a singular place (in the sense of classical science-fiction
scenarios through the landing of a single flying object), the fierceness of the reaction of individuals depends on the felt distance of one’s own life center from the place of the event. For his kind of reaction we even have a direct empirical proof: the reaction of the population to the broadcast of the
radio play ”The War of the Worlds” according to the novel of H. G. Wells in 1938 (cf. Harrison/Elms 1990; Harrison/Johnson 2002; Bartholomew/Evans 2004: 40-55). Erroneously many people considered the landing of ‘Martians” as real and tens of thousands tried in great panic to bring as far a distance between them and the assumed place of the event as possible. In view of this one can barely contemplate the possibility of several landings at the same time at various places. Individually and collectively this would be considered an ‘invasion of extraterrestrials’ and would
almost certainly lead to a global panic reaction.
Slightly less dramatic would be an initiation of contact in earth orbit. From the point of managing a catastrophe this would also have the advantage that panic escape reactions (including the collapse of local traffic, mass accidents etc.) would largely fail to occur simply because changing one’s place
would not make any sense in this case. The other side of that picture however would be that panic reactions could not find their physical expression in a collective move to escape and thus could not get discharged. (As we know from panic research, the impossibility of a spatial escape from a
perceived threat can lead to a psychological-emotional ‘escape’ into lethargy or denial of reality.)
5 The further from earth the first contact would occur, the more marginal would be the visible reactions of the people. A meeting beyond the orbit of earth would probably visibly diminish the intensity of the immediate emotional reactions as compared to the two scenarios above. But what
about medium-term consequences? Based on our experiences with contacts between human cultures in the past centuries, a contact on earth itself or in earth orbit would hardly make any difference.
During contacts between different human cultures in the past it didn’t matter whether the ‘discoverers’ met the ‘discovered’ close inshore or on land. In both cases the roles mentioned were the same. For the ‘discoverers’ the discovery far from their home proved their superiority,
correspondingly for the ‘discovered’ the fact, to be confronted with strangers on their own territory, proved their inferiority. In all historic cases the discrepancy regarding the technical level of transport was interpreted by both sides as a sign of superiority and inferiority respectively.
The systematic investigation (Bitterli 1986, 1991) into such asymmetric cultural contacts on earth shows that they not only threaten the cultural survival of the inferior people but invariably also their physical existence. And this was the case not only when the ‘intruder’ (like the Spanish in America)
from the very beginning behaved as conquerors but also when the first contacts were primarily marked by mutual curiosity (cf. Rausch 1922: 19). In all these cases the destruction of the culture which considered itself inferior was not the result of a real military or technological superiority of
the ‘conquerors’ but a consequence of mass psychological effects to ‘being discovered’ (cf. Rausch 1002, Michaud 1999: 272). Thus many nations of America and Oceania suffered a collective existential shock after the arrival of the whites. It led to the collapse of their religious and cultural
belief systems which resulted in a medium-term disintegration of the economical and social systems. In some cases moreover it led to a collective suicide of an entire population (cf. Müller 2004: 196).
In summary one can say that at the first contact between human cultures the one on the territory of which the contact occurred was regularly existentially endangered. Translated into a contact with an extraterrestrial civilization this means: at least earth itself and the technically used earth orbit
form - in mass psychological respect - the territory of mankind. Any meeting in this region would mean: we are the ‘discovered’ and the others the ‘discoverers’. All experiences we made on earth with such asymmetric cultural contacts speak against the ‘millennium scenario’ which all scientists
implore again and again (Ashkenaszi et al 1992; Michaud 1999) which promises mankind through an encounter with extraterrestrials an immense scientific, ethical or spiritual developmental thrust.
Much more probable would be a global existential shock which would lead to the collapse of many 6 social, religious and political institutions on earth. And this is independent of the motives, goals and technological capabilities of the extraterrestrials.
(3) Collective Projections
In any case, the ‘sure knowledge’ of the others would remain extremely limited even after the contact. At the reception of a radio signal there would be only very few – but in the context of the above considerations absolutely consequential – ‘hard’ facts: Source coordinates of the broadcast,
distance and relative speed of the sender, technical potential of the sender (cf. Harrison 1997: 199- 200. Harrison/Johnson 2002: 100). What kind of information can be extract from such a broadcast over and above such technical data is controversial within the SETI-research (cf. the overview at
Schmitz 1997). In such debates however it is regularly overlooked, that understanding strangers even amongst people is already dependant on quite a number of pre-assumptions. Mutual understanding between cultural strangers on earth is based on anthropocentric constants, which enable us to
insinuate that the opposite person has similar physical needs, sensory possibilities, modes of perceiving the world, motivations etc. All these are preconditions which are not given at a contact with extraterrestrials. They rather face us as maximal strangers where even the most general preassumptions have to remain uncertain (Schetsche 2004; cf. Bach 2004).
In case of the radio-contact-scenario we have no possibility to come to know anything about the physical constitution let alone the psycho-social, ethical or spiritual disposition of the other. Thus it seems to me doubtful whether the optimism that is being displayed by the SETI-researchers (e.g.
McConnell 2001) regarding a meaningful interpretation of extraterrestrial messages in indeed appropriate. (A comprehensive critique of the pre-assumptions of this research can be found at Schmitz 1997).
But even if we were standing directly across from the extraterrestrials, the situation wouldn’t be much different. Whatever ‘look’ the other may have, we will observe their outer appearance (if it is visible for humans at all) in a way that enables us a comparison with human life, however far fetched
it may be. And this will not only necessarily lead to assigning them (pre-consciously) corresponding stereotypical behavior, but this could also quite likely trigger atavistic escape- and fight-reflexes. In this respect one could (following a formulation of the German social scientist Heinrich Popitz) speak of a ”pre-emptive effect of not knowing”: The less we know about the physical form of the 7 extraterrestrial the less visual stereotypes or inherited schemata of behavior will influence what we do. Knowledge about the ‘look’ of the aliens will therefore not lead us to understanding them better but merely to misunderstanding them faster.
Thus Albert A. Harrison rightly assumes that our impressions of the extraterrestrials will be based less on their ‘objective qualities’ than on our own pre-assumptions, prejudice and stereotype allocations (Harrison 1997: 198; Harrison/Johnson 2002: 103-104). This means that we interpret the
observed actions of extraterrestrials completely independent of their motives and interests according to our assignment of motives and interests. Thus the strangers will be humanized to a large degree (cf. Michaud 1999: 266-267). While attempting to understand the aliens, we will transform them into
grotesque parodies of ourselves – with all the consequences as far as our reactions to their alleged motives are concerned.
(4) Possibilities of secrecy
Collective psychological projections are also very significant because most people will not hear anything from the aliens but only about them (Harrison 1997: 199, 206; Harrison/Johnson 2002: 101-102). Even if a space ship would land on earth, only very few people would be able to directly
observe it. All others would be dependant on the reports in the media, which would be necessarily problematic already because of the typical mode of operation of the mass media – preparation of information under time pressure, mixture of facts and fiction, strategies of dramatization and
scandalization etc. The decisive factor for the comprehensive social impact of a first contact would ultimately be the information which the population would receive.
It has been discussed again and again whether, when and in which form such a contact should be made public at all. A few years ago a ”Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence” [Link2] was agreed upon amongst scientific societies. According to this, once the reception of signals by an extraterrestrial civilization was technologically and scientifically verified, first the general secretary of the United Nations and various international organizations would be informed. Following this, the public should be informed” immediately, openly and comprehensively”. Since quite a few research institutions and a number of individuals will be involved in the required process of verifying the data, it certainly seems questionable how realistic the course of events suggested in the declaration really is (cf. Harrison 1997: 207). It is uncontroversial that such a signal or even a direct contact will belong to the most serious discoveries in the entire human history (cf. Heidmann 1995: 195). The ‘news value’ of such information would 8 be correspondingly high. Therefore one should ask how much time the discoverers have for verification until the first information reaches the public. I think, not too much.
However, this is valid only in case that the ‘discoverers’ or contact persons are scientists at all who feel bound by such points. It looks totally different if an artifact, the reception of a signal or a close contact is under governmental control especially under the authority of the military or the secret
service. In case of restraining corresponding information by governmental offices, one can theoretically distinguish two motivations. First, the attempts of the ‘welfare state’ to protect the citizens and social institutions from the negative effects of such an announcement and secondly, the efforts of the ‘power state’ to secure the exclusive access to certain information and thereby gain a political and/or military advantage over other nations (for the last cf. Harrison 1997: 202).
In practice both motivations are hardly separable because actions based on the second motive – at least in democratic states – go along with legitimate justifications in accordance with the first motive. And as various examples of the 20 century th show (for example the ‘Manhattan Project’ in
the fortieth), it is quite possible to preserve serious state secrets over many years.
In contrast to the declaration of intention of many SETI-researchers it is thus quite possible that the public - for a shorter or longer time - will not at all be informed of a first contact. And ultimately that may even be a good thing. For in spite of all the skepticism regarding a success by the SETI researchers themselves, their projects are, at least if one considers the potential social consequences, nothing but an extreme example of high-risk-research.
Conclusion
For dealing with the above drafted risks, I see three alternative scenarios:
1. Protective isolationism: Ending or at least concealing all SETI-research and developing techniques which could avoid an accidental discovery of our civilization by extraterrestrials.
2. Concerted global preparations: Systematic research into the expected psychological and social, religious and economical effects, development of global and governmental emergency plans as well as a massive education of the public regarding what they could be facing.
3. Enlargement of the ‘coastal strip’: A massive push to develop further the manned and unmanned space travel with the goal to be permanently present even far beyond the earth orbit so 9 that a physical contact with another civilization looses as much of its asymmetry as possible – at least
in view of a mass psychologically important first impression.
Since at the present state of the public and scientific discourse (let alone the political situation of the world) none of the above alternatives will have any significant chance for realization in the coming years and decades, we are left, depending on our nature, with hoping or praying, that the event of a ‘first contact’, which is being longed for by some truly fearless ones, may be as slow as possible in coming.
Literature
Ashkenazi, Michael et al. (1992): SETI and Human Bevahior: Human Response to an ETI Signal Detection. In: Social Implications of the Detection of an Extraterrestrial Civilisation. A Report of the Workshops on the Cultural Aspects of SETI held in October 1991, May 1992, and September
1992, at Santa Cruz, Californien. Ed. John Billingham et al. Montain View (CA): SETI Press, S. 61-81.
Bach, Joscha (2004): Gespräche mit einer künstlichen Intelligenz, S. 43-56 in: Der maximal Fremde. Begegnungen mit dem Nichtmenschlichen und die Grenzen des Verstehens, hg. Michael Schetsche, Würzburg: Ergon.
Bartholomew, Robert E.; Evansk; Hillary (2004): Panic Attacks. Media Manipulation and Mass Delusion. Stroud: Sutton Publishing.
Billingham, John (2002): Pešek lecture: SETI and society – decision trees. In: Acta Astronautica 51 (10), S. 667-672.
Bitterli, Urs (1986): Alte Welt – neue Welt. Formen des europäisch-überseeischen Kulturkontaktes vom 15. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Beck: München.
Bitterli, Urs (1991): Die ‚Wilden‘ und die ‚Zivilisierten‘: Grundzüge einer Geistes- und Kulturgeschichte der europäisch-überseeischen Begegnung. München: Beck, 2. Auflage.
Brookings-Report (1960): Proposed studies on the implications of peaceful space activities for human affairs. Donald N. Michael, u. a., Washington D.C: Brookings Institution. Quelle:
http://www.anomalies.net/brookings/report.pdf .
Clark, Stuart (2000): Life on other worlds and how to find it. London, Berlin, Heidelberg:
Springer. Fuchs, Walter R. (1973): Leben unter fernen Sonnen? Wissenschaft und Spekulation. München: Droemer Knaur.
Harrison, Albert A. (1997): After Contact. The Human Response to Extraterrestial Life. New York / London: Plenum Trade.
Harrison, Albert A; Elms, Alan C. (1990): Psychology and the search for extraterrestrial inteligence. In: Behavioral Science 35 (3), S. 207-218.
Harrison, Albert A.; Johnson, Joel T. (2002): Leben mit Außerirdischen, S. 95-116 in: S.E.T.I. Die Suche nach dem Außerirdischen, hg. Tobias Daniel Wabbel, München: Beust.
10 Heidmann, Jean (1995): Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Cambridge: University Press.
Hurst, Matthias (2004): Stimmen aus dem All – Rufe aus der Seele, S. 95-112 in: Der maximal Fremde. Begegnungen mit dem Nichtmenschlichen und die Grenzen des Verstehens, hg. Michael Schetsche, Würzburg: Ergon.
Keyhoe, Donald E. (1954): Der Weltraum rückt uns näher. Berlin: Lothar Blanvalet Verlag, 5. Auflage.
Lesch, Harald; Müller, Jörn (2004): SETI und das Schweigen im kosmischen Äther. Von den Vorteilen und Problemen, außerirdische Zivilisationen via Radiowellen zu detektieren. In: Telepolis Special: Aliens; S. 89-91.
McConnell, Brian (2001): Beyond Contact. A guide to SETI and communicating with alien civilisation. Sebastopol: O’Reilly.
Michaud, Michel (1999): A unique moment in human history. In: Are we alone in the cosmos?
The search for alien contact in the new millenium. New York: ibooks, S. 265-284.
Müller, Klaus E. (2004): Einfälle aus einer anderen Welt, S. 191-204 in: Der maximal Fremde.
Begegnungen mit dem Nichtmenschlichen und die Grenzen des Verstehens, hg. Michael Schetsche, Würzburg: Ergon.
Rausch, Renate (1992): Der Kulturschock der Indios, S. 18-32 in: 1492 und die Folgen: Beiträge zur interdisziplinären Ringvorlesung an der Philipps-Universität Marburg, hg. , Hans-Jürgen Prien, Münster/Hamburg: LIT.
Schetsche, Michael (2004): Der maximal Fremde – eine Hinführung, S. 13-22 in: Der maximal Fremde. Begegnungen mit dem Nichtmenschlichen und die Grenzen des Verstehens, hg. Michael Schetsche, Würzburg: Ergon.
Schmitz, Michael (1997): Kommunikation und Außerirdisches. Überlegungen zur wissenschaftlichen Frage nach Verständigung mit außerirdischer Intelligenz. Magisterarbeit Universität-Gesamthochschule Essen.
Zaun, Harald (2004): 4001 Odyssee im Weltraum. In: Telepolis Special: Aliens; S. 118-121.
Hyperlinks
[1] http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/
[2] http://www.seti-inst.edu/seti/ seti_science/social/principles.html]
About the author: Dr. Michael Schetsche, political scientist and sociologist, leads the department of ”Cultural Studies and Social Research” at the Institute for ”Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene e.V.” in Freiburg (Germany). His fields of study: knowledge and media sociology, sociology of social problems and anomalies, futurology, qualitative prognostic.
Contact: schetsche@igpp.de

 

 

KEEPER OF GENESIS

A QUEST FOR THE HIDDEN LEGACY OF MANKIND

Robert Bauval Graham Hancock 1996

Page 254

"...Is there in any sense an interstellar Rosetta Stone?

We believe there is a common language that all technical civilizations, no matter how different, must have.

That common language is science and mathematics.

The laws of Nature are the same everywhere:..."

 

 

R
=
9
-
7
ROSETTA
98
26
8
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
19
1
-
-
10
-
12
Add to Reduce
171
45
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+7+1
4+5
-
Q
-
1
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 



 
 
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